并查集板子题。

答案就是

附代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#define MAXN 100010
using namespace std;
int n,m,fa[MAXN];
char tp[100000],*p1=tp,*p2=tp;
char get_char(){
    return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=tp)+fread(tp,1,100000,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;
}
inline int read(){
    int date=0,w=1;char c=0;
    while(c<'0'||c>'9'){if(c=='-')w=-1;c=get_char();}
    while(c>='0'&&c<='9'){date=date*10+c-'0';c=get_char();}
    return date*w;
}
int find(int x){return fa[x]==x?x:fa[x]=find(fa[x]);}
void uniun(int x,int y){x=find(x);y=find(y);if(x!=y)fa[x]=y;}
void work(){
    long long ans=0;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)if(fa[i]==i)ans++;
    printf("%lld\n",ans-1);
}
void init(){
    n=read();m=read();
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)fa[i]=i;
    for(int i=1,x,y;i<=m;i++){
        x=read();y=read();
        uniun(x,y);
    }
}
int main(){
    init();
    work();
    return 0;
}