MyBatis缓存分为一级缓存和二级缓存
一级缓存
MyBatis的一级缓存指的是在一个Session域内,session为关闭的时候执行的查询会根据SQL为key被缓存(跟mysql缓存一样,修改任何参数的值都会导致缓存失效)
1)单独使用MyBatis而不继承Spring,使用原生的MyBatis的SqlSessionFactory来构造sqlSession查询,是可以使用以及缓存的,示例代码如下
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String config = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream(config); SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); SqlSession session = factory.openSession(); System.out.println(session.selectOne("selectUserByID", 1)); // 同一个session的相同sql查询,将会使用一级缓存 System.out.println(session.selectOne("selectUserByID", 1)); // 参数改变,需要重新查询 System.out.println(session.selectOne("selectUserByID", 2)); // 清空缓存后需要重新查询 session.clearCache(); System.out.println(session.selectOne("selectUserByID", 1)); // session close以后,仍然使用同一个db connection session.close(); session = factory.openSession(); System.out.println(session.selectOne("selectUserByID", 1)); } }
输出如下
DEBUG - Openning JDBC Connection
DEBUG - Created connection 10044878.
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
1|test1|19|beijing
1|test1|19|beijing
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
2|test2|18|guangzhou
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
1|test1|19|beijing
DEBUG - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - Returned connection 10044878 to pool.
DEBUG - Openning JDBC Connection
DEBUG - Checked out connection 10044878 from pool.
DEBUG - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9945ce]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
1|test1|19|beijing
看以看出来,当参数不变的时候只进行了一次查询,参数变更以后,则需要重新进行查询,而清空缓存以后,参数相同的查询过的SQL也需要重新查询,而且使用的数据库连接是同一个数据库连接,这里要得益于我们在mybatis-config.xml里面的datasource设置
<environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"> </transactionManager> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> </dataSource> </environment> </environments>
注意datasource使用的是POOLED,也就是使用了连接池,所以数据库连接可回收利用,当然这个environment属性在集成spring的时候是不需要的,因为我们需要另外配置datasource的bean.
2) 跟Spring集成的时候(使用mybatis-spring)
直接在dao里查询两次同样参数的sql
@Repository public class UserDao extends SqlSessionDaoSupport { public User selectUserById(int id) { SqlSession session = getSqlSession(); session.selectOne("dao.userdao.selectUserByID", id); // 由于session的实现是SqlSessionTemplate的动态代理实现 // 它已经在代理类内执行了session.close(),所以无需手动关闭session return session.selectOne("dao.userdao.selectUserByID", id); } }
观察日志
DEBUG - Creating a new SqlSession
DEBUG - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1e389b8] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
DEBUG - Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource
DEBUG - JDBC Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] will not be managed by Spring
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
DEBUG - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@1e389b8]
DEBUG - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
DEBUG - Creating a new SqlSession
DEBUG - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@169da74] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
DEBUG - Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource
DEBUG - JDBC Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] will not be managed by Spring
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
DEBUG - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@169da74]
DEBUG - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
这里执行了2次sql查询,看似我们使用了同一个sqlSession,但是实际上因为我们的dao继承了SqlSessionDaoSupport,而SqlSessionDaoSupport内部sqlSession的实现是使用用动态代理实现的,这个动态代理sqlSessionProxy使用一个模板方法封装了select()等操作,每一次select()查询都会自动先执行openSession(),执行完close()以后调用close()方法,相当于生成了一个新的session实例,所以我们无需手动的去关闭这个session()(关于这一点见下面mybatis的官方文档),当然也无法使用mybatis的一级缓存,也就是说mybatis的一级缓存在spring中是没有作用的.
官方文档摘要
MyBatis <tt>SqlSession</tt> provides you with specific methods to handle transactions programmatically. But when using MyBatis-Spring your beans will be injected with a Spring managed <tt>SqlSession</tt> or a Spring managed mapper. That means that Spring will always handle your transactions.
You cannot call <tt>SqlSession.commit()</tt>, <tt>SqlSession.rollback()</tt> or <tt>SqlSession.close()</tt> over a Spring managed <tt>SqlSession</tt>. If you try to do so, a <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> exception will be thrown. Note these methods are not exposed in injected mapper classes.
二级缓存
二级缓存就是global caching,它超出session范围之外,可以被所有sqlSession共享,它的实现机制和mysql的缓存一样,开启它只需要在mybatis的配置文件开启settings里的
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
以及在相应的Mapper文件(例如userMapper.xml)里开启
<mapper namespace="dao.userdao"> ... select statement ... <!-- Cache 配置 --> <cache eviction="FIFO" flushInterval="60000" size="512" readOnly="true" /> </mapper>
需要注意的是global caching的作用域是针对Mapper的Namespace而言的,也就是说只在有在这个Namespace内的查询才能共享这个cache.例如上面的 dao.userdao namespace, 下面是官方文档的介绍
It's important to remember that a cache configuration and the cache instance are bound to the namespace of the SQL Map file. Thus, all statements in the same namespace as the cache are bound by it.
例如下面的示例,我们执行两次对同一个sql语句的查询,观察输出日志
@RequestMapping("/getUser")
public String getUser(Model model) {
User user = userDao.selectUserById(1);
model.addAttribute(user);
return "index";
} 当我们访问两次 /getUser 这个url,查看日志输出
DEBUG - Creating a new SqlSession
DEBUG - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@659812] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
DEBUG - Cache Hit Ratio [dao.userdao]: 0.0
DEBUG - Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource
DEBUG - JDBC Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver] will not be managed by Spring
DEBUG - ooo Using Connection [jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatistest?characterEncoding=utf8, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver]
DEBUG - ==> Preparing: SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
DEBUG - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@659812]
DEBUG - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
DEBUG - Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name 'index'
DEBUG - Rendering view [org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView: name 'index'; URL [/index.jsp]] in DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcher'
DEBUG - Added model object 'org.springframework.validation.BindingResult.user' of type [org.springframework.validation.BeanPropertyBindingResult] to request in view with name 'index'
DEBUG - Added model object 'user' of type [bean.User] to request in view with name 'index'
DEBUG - Forwarding to resource [/index.jsp] in InternalResourceView 'index'
DEBUG - Successfully completed request
DEBUG - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'sqlSessionFactory'
DEBUG - DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcher' processing GET request for [/user/getUser]
DEBUG - Looking up handler method for path /user/getUser
DEBUG - Returning handler method [public java.lang.String controller.UserController.getUser(org.springframework.ui.Model)]
DEBUG - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'userController'
DEBUG - Last-Modified value for [/user/getUser] is: -1
DEBUG - Creating a new SqlSession
DEBUG - SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@539a92] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active
DEBUG - Cache Hit Ratio [dao.userdao]: 0.5
DEBUG - Closing non transactional SqlSession [org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession@539a92]
DEBUG - Rendering view [org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView: name 'index'; URL [/index.jsp]] in DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcher'
DEBUG - Added model object 'org.springframework.validation.BindingResult.user' of type [org.springframework.validation.BeanPropertyBindingResult] to request in view with name 'index'
DEBUG - Added model object 'user' of type [bean.User] to request in view with name 'index'
DEBUG - Forwarding to resource [/index.jsp] in InternalResourceView 'index'
DEBUG - Successfully completed request
可以看出第二次访问同一个url的时候相同的查询 hit cache了,这就是global cache的作用
The End
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!-- 这个配置使全局的映射器启用或禁用缓存 -->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" />
<!-- 设置超时时间，它决定驱动等待一个数据库响应的时间。 -->
<setting name="defaultStatementTimeout" value="25000" />
</settings>
<mappers>
<!-- <mapper resource="mybatisErp/scm_sqlMap.xml" /> -->
</mappers>
</configuration>
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