一、修改数据库编码及字符集(比较简单,在可视化工具中直接改了,也可以使用如下命令)

-- 可直接复制运行
ALTER DATABASE db_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_bin; 
-- 参数解释:
    -- db_name 数据库名;
    -- utf8mb4 改后的字符集
    -- utf8mb4_bin 改后的排序规则

二、批量修改某一数据库中,所有的表和表中的字段的编码和排序规则

1、第一步生成修改语句

-- 第一步,先生成修改的SQL语句
USE testboot;
SELECT
	CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME, ' MODIFY COLUMN ', COLUMN_NAME,
' ', COLUMN_TYPE, ' CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;' ) 
FROM
	information_schema.`COLUMNS` 
WHERE
	COLLATION_NAME RLIKE 'utf8mb4_general_ci' 
	AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'testboot';

-- 参数解释
    -- testboot 你要修改的数据库
    -- utf8mb4 改后的编码
    -- 第一个 utf8mb4_general_ci 改后的排序规则
    -- 第二个 utf8mb4_general_ci 要改的表的现在的排序规则,这里本来是utf8mb4_bin,我改过的,用utf8mb4_bin,会返回空
    -- testboot 你要修改的数据库

类似这种

ALTER TABLE testboot.address MODIFY COLUMN address varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.address MODIFY COLUMN city varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.address MODIFY COLUMN province varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.blog MODIFY COLUMN content longtext CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.blog MODIFY COLUMN description varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.blog MODIFY COLUMN summary varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.blog MODIFY COLUMN tags varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.blog MODIFY COLUMN title varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.navigation MODIFY COLUMN name varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.navigation MODIFY COLUMN path varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.user MODIFY COLUMN email varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.user MODIFY COLUMN name varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.user MODIFY COLUMN password varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE testboot.user MODIFY COLUMN tel varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

2、第二步,复制语句,执行就可以了(注意会初始化字段的注释,字段长度

修改完毕;可查看。