/**
 * struct TreeNode {
 *	int val;
 *	struct TreeNode *left;
 *	struct TreeNode *right;
 *	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * 代码中的类名、方法名、参数名已经指定,请勿修改,直接返回方法规定的值即可
     *
     * 
     * @param root TreeNode类 
     * @return int整型vector
     */
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> res;
        stack<TreeNode*> s;
        TreeNode* p = root;
        while(!s.empty() || p){
            if(p){
                s.push(p);
                res.push_back(p->val);
                p = p->left;
            } else{
                p = s.top();
                s.pop();
                p = p->right;
            }
        }
        return res;
        // write code here
    }
};
https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4146981.html