强引用>软引用>弱引用>虚引用

强引用(Strong Reference)

它是最普遍的引用,比如Object obj = new Object(),即使抛出OutOfMemoryError终止程序也不会回收具有强引用的对象,但是通过将对象设置为null来弱化引用,使其被回收

String str = new String("abc"); //强引用

软引用(Soft Reference)

对象处于有用但非必须的状态,只有当内存空间不足时,GC会回收该引用的对象的内存,因此它可以用来实现高速缓存

SoftReference<Stirng> softRef = new SoftReference<String>(str); //软引用

弱引用(Weak Reference)

非必须的对象,比软引用更弱一点,GC时被回收。但是被回收的概率也不大,因为GC线程优先级比较低,适用于引用偶尔被使用且不影响垃圾收集的对象

WeakReference<String> weakRef = new WeakReference<Stirng>(str);

虚引用(PhantomReference) [ˈfæntəm]

不会决定对象的生命周期,任何时候都可能被垃圾回收器回收。跟踪对象被垃圾回收器回收的活动,起一个哨兵作用必须和引用队列ReferenceQueue联合使用

引用队列(Reference Queue)

无实际存储结构,存储逻辑 依赖于内部结点之间的关系来表达

存储关联且被GC的软引用,弱引用,虚引用

 

引用队列的示例代码:

public class NormalObject {

    public String name;

    public NormalObject(String name) {

         this.name = name;

    }

    

    @Override

    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {

         System.out.println("normal object  finalize:"+name);

    }

}

public class NormalObjectWeakReference extends  WeakReference<NormalObject>{

    public String name;

    public NormalObjectWeakReference(NormalObject  normalObject, ReferenceQueue<NormalObject> queue) {

         super(normalObject, queue);

         this.name = normalObject.name;

    }

    

    @Override

    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {

         System.out.println("NormalObjectWeakReference  finalize:"+name);

    }

}

public class ReferenceQueueTest {

    private static ReferenceQueue<NormalObject>  rqQueue = new ReferenceQueue<>();

    private static void checkQueue() {

         Reference<NormalObject> reference = null;

         while ((reference =  (Reference<NormalObject>) rqQueue.poll()) != null)  {

             if (reference != null) {

                 System.out.println("in  queue:"+((NormalObjectWeakReference)reference).name);

                 System.out.println("reference  object :"+reference.get());

             }

         }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws  InterruptedException {

         ArrayList<WeakReference<NormalObject>>  weakReferences = new ArrayList<>();

         for(int i = 0; i<3; i++) {

             weakReferences.add(new  NormalObjectWeakReference(new  NormalObject("weak"+i),rqQueue ));

             System.out.println("create  weak:"+weakReferences.get(i));

         }

         System.out.println("first time");

         checkQueue();

         System.gc();

         Thread.sleep(1000);

         System.out.println("second time");

         checkQueue();

    }

}

 

 

结果:

create  weak:com.bitongchong.test.NormalObjectWeakReference@7852e922

create  weak:com.bitongchong.test.NormalObjectWeakReference@4e25154f

create  weak:com.bitongchong.test.NormalObjectWeakReference@70dea4e

first time

normal object finalize:weak1

normal object finalize:weak2

normal object finalize:weak0

second time

in queue:weak2

reference object :null

in queue:weak1

reference object :null

in queue:weak0

reference object :null