select 
date
,sum(case when (user_id,date) in 
(
    select user_id,min(date) 
    from login 
    group by user_id
)
then 1 else 0 end)
from login 
group by date  
order by date

思路:利用case when 语句,将用户id和日期看成一个整体,看是否符合条件,符合的话就是1。