类文件结构学习笔记

第一节为《深入理解Java虚拟机》的第六章前半部分内容，第二节才是原创，目的是根据第一节的规范解析class文件内容。解析出常量池后就没继续了，其中将二进制浮点数表示成十进制花了一会儿工夫。

1 Class类文件的结构

Class文件格式：

1.1 魔数与Class文件的版本

魔数：CAFEBABE
主版本号：50对应JDK 6、51对应JDK 7
版本号：主版本号+次版本号，如：52.0

1.2 常量池

• 常量池由1开始计数，如00 16十进制为22，代表常量池中有21项常量，索引值范围为1-21
• 主要存放字面量(Literal)和符号引用(Symbolic References)

常量池的项目类型：

CONSTANT_Class_info类型常量的结构：

tag是标志位，用于区分常量类型，name_index是常量池的索引值，指向常量池中一个CONSTANT_Utf8_info类型常量(全限定名)

CONSTANT_Utf8_info型常量的结构：

• 使用UTF-8缩略编码表示，从u0001到u007f使用一个字节，从u0080到u07ff使用两个字节，从u0800到uffff使用三个字节。
• 最大为65535，也就是Java方法、字段名的最大长度。

使用javap：

javap -verbose TestClass

常量池中17种数据类型的结构总表：

1.3 访问标志

常量池结束之后，紧接着的2个字节代表访问标志(access_flags)，用于标志用于识别一些类或接口层次的访问信息

1.4 类索引、父类索引、接口索引集合

类索引(this_class)和父类索引(super_class)是u2类型的数据，接口索引集合(interfaces)是一组u2类型的数据集合（implements关键字后从左到右排列）。

1.5 字段表集合

字段表(field_info)用于描述接口或则类中声明的变量。

字段表结构：

字段访问标志：

• ACC_PUBLIC、ACC_PRIVATE、ACC_PROTECTED三者只能取一个
• ACC_FINAL和ACC_VOLATILE两者只能取一个
• 接口之中的字段必须要有ACC_PUBLIC、ACC_STATIC、ACC_FINAL标志

name_index和descriptor_index都是对常量池项的引用，分别代表字段的简单名称以及字段和方法的描述符

描述符标识字符含义：

• 数组用[标识，例如：
  • java.lang.String[][]将被记录为[[Ljava/lang/String;
  • int[]将被记录为[I

2 解析Class文件

下面的程序的最终目的是读取.class文件，转成.java文件。

2.1 java源文件

下面的java源文件编译成class文件后将位于：/Users/z8g/Test/build/classes/HelloWorld.class

public class HelloWorld {

    private final int age = 19971015;
    private final float len = -25.125f;
    private final double d = -25.125;

    public int add(int i) {
        return i + 1;
    }
}

2.2 UnsignedByte：无符号字节类

class文件的字节需要转换成无符号字节，可以使用以下公式：

byte b;
short value = (short) ((short) b & 0xFF)

下面便是无符号字节类的实现：

class UnsignedByte {

    private short value;
    private byte rawValue;

    private UnsignedByte() {
    }

    public static UnsignedByte from(byte b) {
        UnsignedByte ub = new UnsignedByte();
        ub.rawValue = b;
        ub.value = (short) ((short) b & 0xFF);
        return ub;
    }
}

在此基础上，封装了一些方法：

public static UnsignedByte[] from(byte[] bytes) {
    UnsignedByte[] result = new UnsignedByte[bytes.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
        result[i] = from(bytes[i]);
    }
    return result;
}

获取值：

public short value() {
    return value;
}

public static long value(UnsignedByte[] bytes) {
    if (bytes.length == 1) {
        return bytes[1].value();
    }
    if (bytes.length == 2) {
        return (bytes[0].value() << 32) + bytes[1].value();
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}

转字节类型：

public static byte[] to(UnsignedByte[] b) {
    byte[] result = new byte[b.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
        result[i] = (byte) (b[i].rawValue & 0xFF);
    }
    return result;
}

public static byte to(UnsignedByte b) {
    return b.rawValue;
}

public static byte to(short i) {
    return (byte) i;
}

2.3 文件字节流

String classFilePath = "/Users/z8g/Test/build/classes/HelloWorld.class";
File classFile = new File(classFilePath);
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile);

获取到FileInputStream实例fis后，下面将依次通过调用fis.read方法将class文件内容读入byte数组。

2.4 读取魔数

魔数占4字节，因此声明一个4字节的byte数组，读取之后转换成无符号字节数组。

// 读取[魔数]
byte[] magic = new byte[4];
fis.read(magic);
UnsignedByte[] magicUB = UnsignedByte.from(magic);
System.out.printf("[magic] %02x%02x %02x%02x\n",
        magicUB[0].value(), magicUB[1].value(),
        magicUB[2].value(), magicUB[3].value());

控制台打印：

[magic] cafe babe

2.5 读取次版本号和主版本号

在此之后继续调用fis的read方法，次版本号和主版本号都占用2个字节，因此使用相同的方式读取即可。

// 读取[次版本号]和[主版本号]
byte[] minor_version = new byte[2];
byte[] major_version = new byte[2];
fis.read(minor_version);
fis.read(major_version);
UnsignedByte[] minor_versionUB = UnsignedByte.from(minor_version);
UnsignedByte[] major_versionUB = UnsignedByte.from(major_version);
System.out.printf("[minor_version] %02x%02x\n",
        minor_versionUB[0].value(), minor_versionUB[1].value());
System.out.printf("[major_version] %02x%02x\n",
        major_versionUB[0].value(), major_versionUB[1].value());

控制台打印：

[minor_version] 0000
[major_version] 0034

0034是16进制，其十进制表示为52，次版本号为0，因此其版本号为52.0，表示该class文件由JDK 8编译。

2.6 读取常量池长度

// 读取[常量池长度]
byte[] constant_pool_count = new byte[2];
fis.read(constant_pool_count);
UnsignedByte[] constant_pool_countUB = UnsignedByte.from(constant_pool_count);
System.out.printf("[constant_pool_count] %02x %02x\n",
        constant_pool_countUB[0].value(), constant_pool_countUB[1].value());

long constantPoolCount = UnsignedByte.value(constant_pool_countUB);
System.out.printf("(constantPoolCount: %d)\n", constantPoolCount);

控制台打印：

[constant_pool_count] 00 24
(constantPoolCount: 36)

常量池的索引范围是[1, constant_pool_count - 1]，因此其常量池的长度为35。

2.7 读取常量池

前面得到常量池的长度constant_pool_count，因此遍历[1, constant_pool_count - 1]，每次先读取tag标志(占1字节)，再根据tag标志来选择读取策略。

// 读取[常量池项]
for (long i = 1; i <= constantPoolCount - 1; i++) {
    System.out.println("#" + i);
    byte[] tag = new byte[1];
    fis.read(tag);
    UnsignedByte tagUB = UnsignedByte.from(tag[0]);
    short tagValue = tagUB.value();
    System.out.printf("[tag] %02x ", tagUB.value());

    switch (tagValue) {
        case 1:
            System.out.println("(1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Utf8_info(fis);
            break;
        case 3:
            System.out.println("(3 CONSTANT_Integer_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Integer_info(fis);
            break;
        case 4:
            System.out.println("(4 CONSTANT_Float_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Float_info(fis);
            break;
        case 5:
            System.out.println("(5 CONSTANT_Long_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Long_info(fis);
            break;
        case 6:
            System.out.println("(6 CONSTANT_Double_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Double_info(fis);
            break;
        case 7:
            System.out.println("(7 CONSTANT_Class_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Class_info(fis);
            break;
        case 8:
            System.out.println("(8 CONSTANT_String_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_String_info(fis);
            break;
        case 9:
            System.out.println("(9 CONSTANT_Fieldref_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Fieldref_info(fis);
            break;
        case 10:
            System.out.println("(10 CONSTANT_Methodref_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Methodref_info(fis);
            break;
        case 11:
            System.out.println("(11 CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info(fis);
            break;
        case 12:
            System.out.println("(12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_NameAndType_info(fis);
            break;
        case 15:
            System.out.println("(15 CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info(fis);
            break;
        case 16:
            System.out.println("(16 CONSTANT_MethodType_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_MethodType_info(fis);
            break;
        case 17:
            System.out.println("(17 CONSTANT_Dynamic_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Dynamic_info(fis);
            break;
        case 18:
            System.out.println("(18 CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info(fis);
            break;
        case 19:
            System.out.println("(19 CONSTANT_Module_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Module_info(fis);
            break;
        case 20:
            System.out.println("(20 CONSTANT_Package_info) ");
            read_CONSTANT_Package_info(fis);
            break;
    }
}

读取 1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info：

• 当tag == 1时，表示该常量项是UTF-8编码的字符串

• 接下来的2字节是length，表示bytes的长度

• 接着继续读取length字节即可

  private static void read_CONSTANT_Utf8_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] length = new byte[2];
    fis.read(length);
    UnsignedByte[] lengthUB = UnsignedByte.from(length);
    long lengthValue = UnsignedByte.value(lengthUB);
  
    System.out.print("[utf8] ");
    for (long k = 0; k < lengthValue; k++) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1];
        fis.read(bytes);
        UnsignedByte bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes[0]);
        System.out.printf("%c", bytesUB.value());
    }
    System.out.println();
  }

3 read_CONSTANT_Integer_info：

• 当tag == 3时，表示常量项是整型字面量
• 接下来的4字节是bytes，表示按照高位在前存储的int值
• Integer是32位整数，可以通过移位操作再累加的方法取出其值

private static void read_CONSTANT_Integer_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
    fis.read(bytes);
    UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

    int integerValue = (bytesUB[0].value() << (8 * 3))
            + (bytesUB[1].value() << (8 * 2))
            + (bytesUB[2].value() << (8 * 1))
            + bytesUB[3].value();
    System.out.printf("[int] %d\n", integerValue);
}

5 CONSTANT_Long_info

• 当tag == 5时，表示常量项是长整型字面量

• 接下来的8字节是bytes，表示按照高位在前存储的long值

• Long是64位整数，可以通过移位操作再累加的方法取出其值

  private static void read_CONSTANT_Long_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
    fis.read(bytes);
    UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);
  
    int longValue = (bytesUB[0].value() << (8 * 7))
            + (bytesUB[1].value() << ((8 * 6)))
            + (bytesUB[2].value() << ((8 * 5)))
            + (bytesUB[3].value() << (8 * 4))
            + (bytesUB[4].value() << (8 * 3))
            + (bytesUB[5].value() << (8 * 2))
            + (bytesUB[6].value() << (8 * 1))
            + bytesUB[7].value();
    System.out.printf("[long] %d\n", longValue);
  }

7 CONSTANT_Class_info

• 当tag == 7时，表示常量项是类或接口的符号引用
• 接下来的2字节是index，指向全限定名的常量项索引

  private static void read_CONSTANT_Class_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index);
    UnsignedByte[] indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(index);
    System.out.printf("[index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(indexUB));
  }

以下是其他tag的读取方法，实现方式与CONSTANT_Class_info的相似：

private static void read_CONSTANT_String_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index);
    UnsignedByte[] indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(index);
    System.out.printf("[index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_Fieldref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
    byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index1);
    fis.read(index2);
    UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
    System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_Methodref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
    byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index1);
    fis.read(index2);
    UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
    System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
    byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index1);
    fis.read(index2);
    UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
    System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_NameAndType_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
    byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
    fis.read(index1);
    fis.read(index2);
    UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
    System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
    System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] reference_kind = new byte[1];//1至9之间，决定了方法句柄的类型
    byte[] reference_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(reference_kind);
    fis.read(reference_index);
    UnsignedByte[] reference_kindUB = UnsignedByte.from(reference_kind);
    UnsignedByte[] reference_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(reference_index);

    System.out.printf("[reference_kind] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(reference_kindUB));
    System.out.printf("[reference_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(reference_indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_MethodType_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] descriptor_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(descriptor_index);
    UnsignedByte[] descriptor_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(descriptor_index);
    System.out.printf("[descriptor_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(descriptor_indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_Dynamic_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] bootstrap_method_attr_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
    UnsignedByte[] bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
    System.out.printf("[bootstrap_method_attr_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] bootstrap_method_attr_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
    UnsignedByte[] bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
    System.out.printf("[bootstrap_method_attr_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_Module_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] name_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(name_index);
    UnsignedByte[] name_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(name_index);
    System.out.printf("[name_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(name_indexUB));
}

private static void read_CONSTANT_Package_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] name_index = new byte[2];
    fis.read(name_index);
    UnsignedByte[] name_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(name_index);
    System.out.printf("[name_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(name_indexUB));
}

下面重点介绍读取4 CONSTANT_Float_info 和 6 CONSTANT_Double_info的方法：

• 当tag == 4时，表示浮点型字面量
• 接下来的4字节是bytes，表示按照高位在前存储的float值

private static void read_CONSTANT_Float_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
    fis.read(bytes);
    UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

    System.out.printf("[bytes] %s %s %s %s\n",
            Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[0].value()),
            Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[1].value()),
            Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[2].value()),
            Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[3].value()));
}

控制台打印：

[tag] 04 (4 CONSTANT_Float_info) 
[bytes] 11000001 11001001 0 0

打印出来的bytes是float的二进制存储表示，接下来将详细介绍将浮点数二进制转换成十进制，下表是float和double的二进制存储形式：

下面是一个将float二进制形式转换成十进制的例子：

-25.125f的二进制形式：
11000001 11001001 00000000 00000000

按照符号位、阶码、尾数规定的长度进行分割：
1  10000011  10010010000000000000000

1表示该浮点数为负数

10000011的十进制为：128 + 2 + 1 = 131
减去127得到4，表示小数点右移的数位

剩下23位是纯二进制小数
10010010000000000000000表示0.10010010000000000000000
前面加1得到1.10010010000000000000000
小数点右移4位得到11001.0010000000000000000
变为10进制得到 (1 + 8 + 16).(1/8) = 25.125

前面的1表示负数，所以该浮点数为-25.125

前面已经将float的内容读入了长度为4的bytesUB数组中.

• 将bytesUB[0]的值右移7位，便只剩下其第8位(从右往左数，下面也如是)，即符号位：

    boolean positive = (bytesUB[0].value() >> 7) == 0;

• 阶码是由bytesUB[0].value前7位和bytesUB[1].value的2至8位，最后要减去127，即(Math.pow(2, 8) - 1)。

    int exponent = bytesUB[0].value() & 0b00000000_01111111; // 去掉符号位
    exponent <<= (8 - 7); //增加一位
    exponent += (bytesUB[1].value() >> (16 - 1 - 8)); //接上其首位
    exponent -= (Math.pow(2, 8) - 1); // 减去127

• 下面是计算尾数的方法：

    int mantissa = bytesUB[1].value() & 0b00000000_01111111; // 忽略第一位
    mantissa <<= (8 + 8);//先左移16位腾出位置
    mantissa += (bytesUB[2].value() << 8) + bytesUB[3].value();//加上后2字节
    mantissa += 0b1000_0000____0000_0000____0000_0000;// 首位加个1

• 尾数包含整数部分和小数部分，小数点的位置由阶码决定：

    int left = mantissa >> (23 - exponent);
    int right = mantissa << (32 - 23 + exponent) >> (32 - 23 + exponent);

• 小数部分的计算方式与整数部分的不同，例如如二进制形式的0.001，其十进制表示为0.125，是先算出8，再用1.0除以8得出：

    int dividend = calcDividend(right, 23 - exponent);

• 下面是calcDividend方法的实现：

    // 计算小数点后的二进制的十进制表示，如.001表示8，再用1/8得到0.125
    private static int calcDividend(int rightBits, int len) {
        int result = 0;
        while (rightBits != 0) {
            int lastBits = rightBits & 1; // 最后一位是1，则结果为1，否则为0
            result += lastBits * Math.pow(2, len);
            rightBits >>= 1;
            len--;
        }
        return result;
    }

• 最后得到其十进制表示：

    float floatValue = (left + 1.0f / dividend);
    floatValue = positive ? floatValue : -floatValue;
    System.out.printf("[float] %f\n", floatValue);

read_CONSTANT_Float_info方法至此结束，read_CONSTANT_Double_info方法与其类似，区别在于符号位、阶码、尾数的长度。

3 源代码及输出结果

3.1 ClassFileParser.java

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 *
 * @author z8g
 */
public class ClassFileParser {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        String classFilePath = "/Users/z8g/Test/build/classes/HelloWorld.class";
        File classFile = new File(classFilePath);
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classFile);

        // 读取[魔数]
        byte[] magic = new byte[4];
        fis.read(magic);
        UnsignedByte[] magicUB = UnsignedByte.from(magic);
        System.out.printf("[magic] %02x%02x %02x%02x\n",
                magicUB[0].value(), magicUB[1].value(),
                magicUB[2].value(), magicUB[3].value());

        // 读取[次版本号]和[主版本号]
        byte[] minor_version = new byte[2];
        byte[] major_version = new byte[2];
        fis.read(minor_version);
        fis.read(major_version);
        UnsignedByte[] minor_versionUB = UnsignedByte.from(minor_version);
        UnsignedByte[] major_versionUB = UnsignedByte.from(major_version);
        System.out.printf("[minor_version] %02x%02x\n",
                minor_versionUB[0].value(), minor_versionUB[1].value());
        System.out.printf("[major_version] %02x%02x\n",
                major_versionUB[0].value(), major_versionUB[1].value());

        // 读取[常量池长度]
        byte[] constant_pool_count = new byte[2];
        fis.read(constant_pool_count);
        UnsignedByte[] constant_pool_countUB = UnsignedByte.from(constant_pool_count);
        System.out.printf("[constant_pool_count] %02x %02x\n",
                constant_pool_countUB[0].value(), constant_pool_countUB[1].value());

        long constantPoolCount = UnsignedByte.value(constant_pool_countUB);
        System.out.printf("(constantPoolCount: %d)\n", constantPoolCount);

        // 读取[常量池项]
        for (long i = 1; i <= constantPoolCount - 1; i++) {
            System.out.println("#" + i);
            byte[] tag = new byte[1];
            fis.read(tag);
            UnsignedByte tagUB = UnsignedByte.from(tag[0]);
            short tagValue = tagUB.value();
            System.out.printf("[tag] %02x ", tagUB.value());

            switch (tagValue) {
                case 1:
                    System.out.println("(1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Utf8_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println("(3 CONSTANT_Integer_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Integer_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 4:
                    System.out.println("(4 CONSTANT_Float_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Float_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 5:
                    System.out.println("(5 CONSTANT_Long_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Long_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 6:
                    System.out.println("(6 CONSTANT_Double_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Double_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 7:
                    System.out.println("(7 CONSTANT_Class_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Class_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 8:
                    System.out.println("(8 CONSTANT_String_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_String_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 9:
                    System.out.println("(9 CONSTANT_Fieldref_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Fieldref_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 10:
                    System.out.println("(10 CONSTANT_Methodref_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Methodref_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 11:
                    System.out.println("(11 CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 12:
                    System.out.println("(12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_NameAndType_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 15:
                    System.out.println("(15 CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 16:
                    System.out.println("(16 CONSTANT_MethodType_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_MethodType_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 17:
                    System.out.println("(17 CONSTANT_Dynamic_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Dynamic_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 18:
                    System.out.println("(18 CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 19:
                    System.out.println("(19 CONSTANT_Module_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Module_info(fis);
                    break;
                case 20:
                    System.out.println("(20 CONSTANT_Package_info) ");
                    read_CONSTANT_Package_info(fis);
                    break;
            }
        }

    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Utf8_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] length = new byte[2];
        fis.read(length);
        UnsignedByte[] lengthUB = UnsignedByte.from(length);
        long lengthValue = UnsignedByte.value(lengthUB);

        System.out.print("[utf8] ");
        for (long k = 0; k < lengthValue; k++) {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1];
            fis.read(bytes);
            UnsignedByte bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes[0]);
            System.out.printf("%c", bytesUB.value());
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Integer_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
        fis.read(bytes);
        UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

        int integerValue = (bytesUB[0].value() << (8 * 3))
                + (bytesUB[1].value() << (8 * 2))
                + (bytesUB[2].value() << (8 * 1))
                + bytesUB[3].value();
        System.out.printf("[int] %d\n", integerValue);
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Float_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
        fis.read(bytes);
        UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

        System.out.printf("[bytes] %s %s %s %s\n",
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[0].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[1].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[2].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[3].value()));

        /*
        -25.125f的二进制形式
        11000001 11001001 00000000 00000000

        1  10000011  10010010000000000000000

        1表示该浮点数为负数

        10000011的十进制为：128 + 2 + 1 = 131
        减去127得到4，表示小数点右移的数位

        剩下23位是纯二进制小数
        10010010000000000000000表示0.10010010000000000000000
        前面加1得到1.10010010000000000000000
        小数点右移4位得到11001.0010000000000000000
        变为10进制得到 (1 + 8 + 16).(1/8) = 25.125

        前面的1表示负数，所以该浮点数为-25.125
         */
        boolean positive = (bytesUB[0].value() >> 7) == 0;

        int exponent = bytesUB[0].value() & 0b00000000_01111111; // 去掉符号位
        exponent <<= (8 - 7); //增加一位
        exponent += (bytesUB[1].value() >> (16 - 1 - 8)); //接上其首位
        exponent -= (Math.pow(2, 8) - 1); // 减去127

        int mantissa = bytesUB[1].value() & 0b00000000_01111111; // 忽略第一位
        mantissa <<= (8 + 8);//先左移16位腾出位置
        mantissa += (bytesUB[2].value() << 8) + bytesUB[3].value();//加上后2字节
        mantissa += 0b1000_0000____0000_0000____0000_0000;// 首位加个1

        int left = mantissa >> (23 - exponent);
        int right = mantissa << (32 - 23 + exponent) >> (32 - 23 + exponent);

        int dividend = calcDividend(right, 23 - exponent);

        float floatValue = (left + 1.0f / dividend);
        floatValue = positive ? floatValue : -floatValue;

//        System.out.println("dividend: " + dividend);
//        System.out.println("mantissa: " + Integer.toBinaryString(mantissa));
//        System.out.println("left: " + Integer.toBinaryString(left));
//        System.out.println("right: " + Integer.toBinaryString(right));
//
//        System.out.println("positive: " + positive);
//        System.out.println("exponent: " + exponent);
//        System.out.println("mantissa: " + mantissa);
//
//        System.out.printf("[bytes] %s %s %s %s\n",
//                (bytesUB[0].value()),
//                (bytesUB[1].value()),
//                (bytesUB[2].value()),
//                (bytesUB[3].value()));
        System.out.printf("[float] %f\n", floatValue);
    }

    // 计算小数点后的二进制的十进制表示，如.001表示8，再用1/8得到0.125
    private static int calcDividend(int rightBits, int len) {
        int result = 0;
        while (rightBits != 0) {
            int lastBits = rightBits & 1; // 最后一位是1，则结果为1，否则为0
            result += lastBits * Math.pow(2, len);
            rightBits >>= 1;
            len--;
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Long_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
        fis.read(bytes);
        UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

        int longValue = (bytesUB[0].value() << (8 * 7))
                + (bytesUB[1].value() << ((8 * 6)))
                + (bytesUB[2].value() << ((8 * 5)))
                + (bytesUB[3].value() << (8 * 4))
                + (bytesUB[4].value() << (8 * 3))
                + (bytesUB[5].value() << (8 * 2))
                + (bytesUB[6].value() << (8 * 1))
                + bytesUB[7].value();
        System.out.printf("[long] %d\n", longValue);
    }

//          符号位  阶码  尾数  长度 
//  float     1    8     23   32 
//  double    1    11    52   64 
    private static void read_CONSTANT_Double_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
        fis.read(bytes);
        UnsignedByte[] bytesUB = UnsignedByte.from(bytes);

        System.out.printf("[bytes] %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[0].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[1].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[2].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[3].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[4].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[5].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[6].value()),
                Integer.toBinaryString(bytesUB[7].value()));

        /*
        -25.125f的二进制形式
        11000000 111001 100000 0 0 0 0 0
        11000000 00111001 00100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

        1   10000000011    1001 00100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

        1表示该浮点数为负数

        10000000011的十进制为：128 + 2 + 1 = 131
        减去127得到4，表示小数点右移的数位

        剩下23位是纯二进制小数
        10010010000000000000000表示0.10010010000000000000000
        前面加1得到1.10010010000000000000000
        小数点右移4位得到11001.0010000000000000000
        变为10进制得到 (1 + 8 + 16).(1/8) = 25.125

        前面的1表示负数，所以该浮点数为-25.125
         */
        boolean positive = (bytesUB[0].value() >> 7) == 0;

        int exponent = bytesUB[0].value() & 0b00000000_01111111; // 去掉符号位
        exponent <<= (11 - 7); //增加一位
        exponent += (bytesUB[1].value() >> (16 - 1 - 11)); //接上第二字节的前4位
        exponent -= (Math.pow(2, 11) - 1);

        int mantissa = bytesUB[1].value() & 0b00000000_00001111; // 忽略前4位
        //!!!
        mantissa <<= (8 + 8);
        mantissa += (bytesUB[2].value() << 8) + bytesUB[3].value();
        mantissa += 0b1000_0000____0000_0000____0000_0000;// 首位加个1

        int left = mantissa >> (23 - exponent);
        int right = mantissa << (32 - 23 + exponent) >> (32 - 23 + exponent);

        int dividend = calcDividend(right, 23 - exponent);

        float floatValue = (left + 1.0f / dividend);
        floatValue = positive ? floatValue : -floatValue;

//        System.out.println("dividend: " + dividend);
//        System.out.println("mantissa: " + Integer.toBinaryString(mantissa));
//        System.out.println("left: " + Integer.toBinaryString(left));
//        System.out.println("right: " + Integer.toBinaryString(right));
//
//        System.out.println("positive: " + positive);
//        System.out.println("exponent: " + exponent);
//        System.out.println("mantissa: " + mantissa);
//
//        System.out.printf("[bytes] %s %s %s %s\n",
//                (bytesUB[0].value()),
//                (bytesUB[1].value()),
//                (bytesUB[2].value()),
//                (bytesUB[3].value()));
        System.out.printf("[double] %f\n", .0);
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Class_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index);
        UnsignedByte[] indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(index);
        System.out.printf("[index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_String_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index);
        UnsignedByte[] indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(index);
        System.out.printf("[index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Fieldref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
        byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index1);
        fis.read(index2);
        UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
        System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Methodref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
        byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index1);
        fis.read(index2);
        UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
        System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
        byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index1);
        fis.read(index2);
        UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
        System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_NameAndType_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] index1 = new byte[2];
        byte[] index2 = new byte[2];
        fis.read(index1);
        fis.read(index2);
        UnsignedByte[] index1UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        UnsignedByte[] index2UB = UnsignedByte.from(index1);
        System.out.printf("[index1] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index1UB));
        System.out.printf("[index2] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(index2UB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] reference_kind = new byte[1];//1至9之间，决定了方法句柄的类型
        byte[] reference_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(reference_kind);
        fis.read(reference_index);
        UnsignedByte[] reference_kindUB = UnsignedByte.from(reference_kind);
        UnsignedByte[] reference_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(reference_index);

        System.out.printf("[reference_kind] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(reference_kindUB));
        System.out.printf("[reference_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(reference_indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_MethodType_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] descriptor_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(descriptor_index);
        UnsignedByte[] descriptor_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(descriptor_index);
        System.out.printf("[descriptor_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(descriptor_indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Dynamic_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bootstrap_method_attr_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
        UnsignedByte[] bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
        System.out.printf("[bootstrap_method_attr_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] bootstrap_method_attr_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
        UnsignedByte[] bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(bootstrap_method_attr_index);
        System.out.printf("[bootstrap_method_attr_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(bootstrap_method_attr_indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Module_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] name_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(name_index);
        UnsignedByte[] name_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(name_index);
        System.out.printf("[name_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(name_indexUB));
    }

    private static void read_CONSTANT_Package_info(FileInputStream fis) throws IOException {
        byte[] name_index = new byte[2];
        fis.read(name_index);
        UnsignedByte[] name_indexUB = UnsignedByte.from(name_index);
        System.out.printf("[name_index] %d\n", UnsignedByte.value(name_indexUB));
    }

}

class UnsignedByte {

    private short value;
    private byte rawValue;

    private UnsignedByte() {
    }

    public static UnsignedByte from(byte b) {
        UnsignedByte ub = new UnsignedByte();
        ub.rawValue = b;
        ub.value = (short) ((short) b & 0xFF);
        return ub;
    }

    public static UnsignedByte[] from(byte[] bytes) {
        UnsignedByte[] result = new UnsignedByte[bytes.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            result[i] = from(bytes[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public short value() {
        return value;
    }

    public static long value(UnsignedByte[] bytes) {
        if (bytes.length == 1) {
            return bytes[1].value();
        }
        if (bytes.length == 2) {
            return (bytes[0].value() << 32) + bytes[1].value();
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

    public static byte[] to(UnsignedByte[] b) {
        byte[] result = new byte[b.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
            result[i] = (byte) (b[i].rawValue & 0xFF);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static byte to(UnsignedByte b) {
        return b.rawValue;
    }

    public static byte to(short i) {
        return (byte) i;
    }
}

3.2 HelloWorld.java

public class HelloWorld {

    private final int age = 19971015;
    private final float len = -25.125f;
    private final double d = -25.125;

    public int add(int i) {
        return i + 1;
    }
}

3.3 输出结果

[magic] cafe babe
[minor_version] 0000
[major_version] 0034
[constant_pool_count] 00 24
(constantPoolCount: 36)
#1
[tag] 0a (10 CONSTANT_Methodref_info) 
[index1] 10
[index2] 10
#2
[tag] 03 (3 CONSTANT_Integer_info) 
[int] 19971015
#3
[tag] 09 (9 CONSTANT_Fieldref_info) 
[index1] 9
[index2] 9
#4
[tag] 04 (4 CONSTANT_Float_info) 
[bytes] 11000001 11001001 0 0
[float] -25.125000
#5
[tag] 09 (9 CONSTANT_Fieldref_info) 
[index1] 9
[index2] 9
#6
[tag] 06 (6 CONSTANT_Double_info) 
[bytes] 11000000 111001 100000 0 0 0 0 0
[double] 0.000000
#7
[tag] 09 (9 CONSTANT_Fieldref_info) 
[index1] 9
[index2] 9
#8
[tag] 07 (7 CONSTANT_Class_info) 
[index] 34
#9
[tag] 07 (7 CONSTANT_Class_info) 
[index] 35
#10
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] age
#11
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] I
#12
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] ConstantValue
#13
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] len
#14
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] F
#15
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] d
#16
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] D
#17
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] <init>
#18
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] ()V
#19
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] Code
#20
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] LineNumberTable
#21
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] LocalVariableTable
#22
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] this
#23
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] LHelloWorld;
#24
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] add
#25
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] (I)I
#26
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] i
#27
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] SourceFile
#28
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] HelloWorld.java
#29
[tag] 0c (12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) 
[index1] 18
[index2] 18
#30
[tag] 0c (12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) 
[index1] 11
[index2] 11
#31
[tag] 0c (12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) 
[index1] 14
[index2] 14
#32
[tag] 0c (12 CONSTANT_NameAndType_info) 
[index1] 16
[index2] 16
#33
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] HelloWorld
#34
[tag] 01 (1 CONSTANT_Utf8_info) 
[utf8] java/lang/Object
#35
[tag] 00