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【⭐️⭐️⭐️】 Spring Cloud入门-汇总篇(Hoxton版本)
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https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38305440/article/details/102775484
文章目录
- 十二、ribbon + hystrix 断路器
- 十三、hystrix dashboard 断路器仪表盘
- ## acutator
- ## sp07-hystrix 项目添加 actuator,并暴露 hystrix 监控端点
- ## pom.xml 添加 actuator 依赖
- ## 调整 application.yml 配置,并暴露 hystrix.stream 监控端点
- ## 访问 actuator 路径,查看监控端点
- ## 新建 sp08-hystrix-dashboard 项目
- ## 主程序添加 @EnableHystrixDashboard 和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
- ## 启动,并访问测试
- ## 访问 hystrix dashboard
- ## 填入 hystrix 的监控端点,开启监控
- ## hystrix 熔断
- ## 使用 apache 的并发访问测试工具 ab
- 十四、feign 整合ribbon+hystrix
- 十五、feign + ribbon 负载均衡和重试
- 十六、feign 整合 hystrix
- 十七、feign + hystrix 监控 和 熔断测试
- ## 主程序添加 @EnableCircuitBreaker
- 十八、order service 调用商品库存服务和用户服务
- 十九、hystrix + turbine 集群聚合监控
- # 二十、zuul API网关
- # zuul + ribbon 负载均衡
- # zuul + ribbon 重试
- 二十一、zuul 请求过滤
- 二十二、zuul Cookie过滤
- 二十三、config 配置中心
- 二十四、config bus + rabbitmq 消息总线配置刷新
- 二十五、sleuth 链路跟踪
- 二十六、sleuth + zipkin 链路分析
- ## zipkin 服务
- 完
十二、ribbon + hystrix 断路器
## 断路器?
就是为 <mark>微服务系统容错</mark>
当请求后台服务失败时,可以通过执行当前服务器的 <mark>一段代码</mark> 来向客户端返回结果
下面一步一步说:
熔断
保护你的系统。为了避免 雪崩效应
(小部分服务器失效,导致大面积服务器失效)
比方说:
很多访问向 服务器1
, 服务器1
会向后面的 服务器2
请求服务
如果这时候出现了很多错误,就会出现<mark>熔断</mark>( 服务器1
到 服务器2
的某些服务断开)
熔断:
<mark>就是某个服务器间的服务断开</mark>
如果出现熔断,服务器1
向后请求的 服务路2
的路径会断开, 服务器1
执行自身的<mark>降级代码</mark>作为返回结果。
降级代码 ? ==》 就是 一段代码
比方说
- 错误提示
- 或者正常的返回结果的缓存
- 或者说任意的结果(你自己定)
触发熔断 - 条件
断路器会在一定条件下触发熔断
(断路器打开)
- 10秒内20次请求
- 50%失败,执行了降级代码
半开状态
断开后隔一段时间。
会尝试发送一次请求吗,如果失败断路器继续保持打开状态,繁殖,关闭断路器,自动恢复
## 微服务宕机时,ribbon 无法转发请求
<mark>关闭 user-service 和 order-service</mark>
## 复制 sp06-ribbon 项目,命名为sp07-hystrix
选择 sp06-ribbon 项目,ctrl-c,ctrl-v,复制为sp07-hystrix
关闭 sp06-ribbon 项目,后续测试使用 sp07-hystrix 项目
## 修改 pom.xml
这里的字符根 maven 相关
## 添加 hystrix 起步依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
## 修改 application.yml
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetries: 1
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
## 主程序添加 @EnableCircuitBreaker 启用 hystrix 断路器
启动断路器,断路器提供两个核心功能:
-
降级,超时、出错、不可到达时,对服务降级,返回错误信息或者是缓存数据
-
熔断,当服务压力过大,错误比例过多时,熔断所有请求,所有请求直接降级
可以使用 @SpringCloudApplication
注解代替三个注解
@EnableCircuitBreaker
- hystrix 断路@EnableDiscoveryClient
- eureka 客户端@SpringBootApplication
- SpringBoot 主启动
package cn.tedu.sp06;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
//@EnableCircuitBreaker
//@EnableDiscoveryClient
//@SpringBootApplication
@SpringCloudApplication
public class Sp06RibbonApplication {
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory f = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
f.setConnectTimeout(1000);
f.setReadTimeout(1000);
return new RestTemplate(f);
//RestTemplate 中默认的 Factory 实例中,两个超时属性默认是 -1,
//未启用超时,也不会触发重试
//return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp06RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
## RibbonController 中添加降级方法
- 为每个方法添加降级方法,例如
getItems()
添加降级方法getItemsFB()
- 添加
@HystrixCommand
注解,指定降级方法名
package cn.tedu.sp06.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class RibbonController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate rt;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getItemsFB") //指定降级方法的方法名
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://item-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "decreaseNumberFB")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
return rt.postForObject("http://item-service/decreaseNumber", items, JsonResult.class);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getUserFB")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addScoreFB")
public JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return rt.getForObject("http://user-service/{1}/score?score={2}", JsonResult.class, userId, score);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getOrderFB")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/{1}", JsonResult.class, orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "addOrderFB")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return rt.getForObject("http://order-service/", JsonResult.class);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////
//降级方法的参数和返回值,需要和原始方法一致,方法名任意
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItemsFB(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取订单商品列表失败");
}
public JsonResult decreaseNumberFB(List<Item> items) {
return JsonResult.err("更新商品库存失败");
}
public JsonResult<User> getUserFB(Integer userId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取用户信息失败");
}
public JsonResult addScoreFB(Integer userId, Integer score) {
return JsonResult.err("增加用户积分失败");
}
public JsonResult<Order> getOrderFB(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("获取订单失败");
}
public JsonResult addOrderFB() {
return JsonResult.err("添加订单失败");
}
}
## hystrix 超时设置
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
hystrix等待超时后, 会执行降级代码, 快速向客户端返回降级结果, 默认超时时间是1000毫秒
为了测试 hystrix 降级,我们把 hystrix 等待超时设置得非常小(500毫秒)
<mark>此设置一般应大于 ribbon 的重试超时时长,例如 10 秒</mark>
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
MaxAutoRetries: 1
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
## 启动项目进行测试
-
通过 hystrix 服务,访问可能超时失败的 item-service
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35 -
通过 hystrix 服务,访问未启动的 user-service
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
可以看到,如果 item-service 请求超时,hystrix 会立即执行降级方法
访问 user-service,由于该服务未启动,hystrix也会立即执行降级方法
## 其他的 hystrix 配置
Github - https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix/wiki/Configuration
-
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds
请求超时时间,超时后触发失败降级 -
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold
10秒内请求数量,默认20,如果没有达到该数量,即使请求全部失败,也不会触发断路器打开 -
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage
失败请求百分比,达到该比例则触发断路器打开 -
hystrix.command.default.circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds
断路器打开多长时间后,再次允许尝试访问(半开),仍失败则继续保持打开状态,如成功访问则关闭断路器,默认 5000
十三、hystrix dashboard 断路器仪表盘
## acutator
仪表盘的监控需要 借助 actuator
插件。
<mark>actuator
是 SpringBoot
提供的项目监控工具</mark>,可以提供多种项目监控信息。
health
- 健康状态beans - spring
容器中的所有对象env
- 系统环境的变量mappings - spring mvc
映射的路径...
hystrix
对请求的降级和熔断,可以产生监控信息, hystrix dashboard
可以实时的进行监控
更多 : https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/production-ready-endpoints.html
## sp07-hystrix 项目添加 actuator,并暴露 hystrix 监控端点
<mark>actuator 是 spring boot 提供的服务监控工具</mark>,提供了各种监控信息的监控端点
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include
配置选项,
可以指定端点名,来暴露监控端点
如果要暴露所有端点,可以用 “*”
## pom.xml 添加 actuator 依赖
右键点击项目或pom.xml, 编辑起步依赖, 添加 actuator 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
## 调整 application.yml 配置,并暴露 hystrix.stream 监控端点
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
MaxAutoRetries: 1
OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: hystrix.stream
// 如果要暴露所有端点,可以用 `“*”`
// include: "*"
## 访问 actuator 路径,查看监控端点
http://localhost:3001/actuator
## 新建 sp08-hystrix-dashboard 项目
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp08-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp08-hystrix-dashboard</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: hystrix-dashboard
server:
port: 4001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
## 主程序添加 @EnableHystrixDashboard 和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
package cn.tedu.sp08;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp08HystrixDashboardApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp08HystrixDashboardApplication.class, args);
}
}
## 启动,并访问测试
## 访问 hystrix dashboard
http://localhost:4001/hystrix
## 填入 hystrix 的监控端点,开启监控
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream
- <mark>通过 hystrix 访问服务多次,观察监控信息</mark>
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
## hystrix 熔断
整个链路达到一定的阈值,默认情况下,10秒内产生超过20次请求,则符合第一个条件。
满足第一个条件的情况下,如果请求的错误百分比大于阈值,则会打开断路器,默认为50%。
Hystrix的逻辑,先判断是否满足第一个条件,再判断第二个条件,如果两个条件都满足,则会开启断路器
断路器打开 5 秒后,会处于半开状态,会尝试转发请求,如果仍然失败,保持打开状态,如果成功,则关闭断路器
## 使用 apache 的并发访问测试工具 ab
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/platform/windows.html#down
- <mark>用 ab 工具,以并发50次,来发送20000个请求</mark>
ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
- <mark>断路器状态为 Open,所有请求会被短路,直接降级执行 fallback 方法</mark>
十四、feign 整合ribbon+hystrix
微服务应用中,ribbon
和 hystrix
总是同时出现, feign
整合了两者,并提供了声明式消费者客户端
用 feign
代替 hystrix+ribbon
## 声明式客户端
只需要定义一个端口,就可以通过接口调用后台服务器
## 新建 sp09-feign 项目
pom.xml
<mark>需要添加 sp01-commons 依赖</mark>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp09-feign</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp09-feign</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: feign
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
## 主程序添加 @EnableDiscoveryClient 和 @EnableFeignClients
package cn.tedu.sp09;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp09FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp09FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
## java 源文件
## feign 声明式客户端
feign
利用了我们熟悉的spring mvc
注解来对接口方法进行设置,降低了我们的学习成本。
通过这些设置 ,feign
可以拼接后台服务的访问路径和提交的参数
例如:@GetMapping("/{userId}/score") JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam Integer score);
当这样调用该方法:
service.addScore(7, 100);
那么 feign 会向服务器发送请求:
http://用户微服务/7/score?score=100
<mark>注意:如果 score 参数名与变量名不同,需要添加参数名设置:</mark>@GetMapping("/{userId}/score") JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam("score") Integer s);
ItemFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("item-service")
public interface ItemFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId);
@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items);
}
UserFeignService
<mark>注意,如果请求参数名与方法参数名不同, @RequestParam
不能省略,并且要指定请求参数名:</mark>
@RequestParam("score") Integer s
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("user-service")
public interface UserFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{userId}")
JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId);
// 拼接路径 /{userId}/score?score=新增积分
// 如果请求参数和方法参数同名,@RequestParam可省略
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam Integer score);
}
OrderFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient("order-service")
public interface OrderFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId);
@GetMapping("/")
JsonResult addOrder();
}
FeignController
package cn.tedu.sp09.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.ItemFeignService;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.OrderFeignService;
import cn.tedu.sp09.service.UserFeignService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@RestController
public class FeignController {
@Autowired
private ItemFeignService itemService;
@Autowired
private UserFeignService userService;
@Autowired
private OrderFeignService orderService;
@GetMapping("/item-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return itemService.getItems(orderId);
}
@PostMapping("/item-service/decreaseNumber")
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items) {
return itemService.decreaseNumber(items);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}")
public JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
return userService.getUser(userId);
}
@GetMapping("/user-service/{userId}/score")
public JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, Integer score) {
return userService.addScore(userId, score);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////
@GetMapping("/order-service/{orderId}")
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(@PathVariable String orderId) {
return orderService.getOrder(orderId);
}
@GetMapping("/order-service")
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return orderService.addOrder();
}
}
## 启动服务,并访问测试
http://eureka1:2001
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
十五、feign + ribbon 负载均衡和重试
- 无需额外配置,feign 默认已启用了
ribbon
负载均衡和重试机制。可以通过配置对参数进行调整
重试的默认配置参数:
ConnectTimeout=1000 ReadTimeout=1000 MaxAutoRetries=0 MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1
## application.yml 配置 ribbon 超时和重试
ribbon.xxx
全局配置item-service.ribbon.xxx
对特定服务实例的配置
spring:
application:
name: feign
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
ribbon:
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 1000
item-service:
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetries: 1
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 500
## 启动服务,访问测试
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
十六、feign 整合 hystrix
## feign 启用 hystrix
## application.yml 添加配置
feign
默认没有启用 hystrix
,添加配置,启用 hystrix
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
启用 hystrix
后,访问服务
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
默认 1秒
会快速失败,没有降级方法时,会显示白板页
可以添加配置,暂时减小降级超时时间,以便后续对降级进行测试
......
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
## feign 远程接口中指定降级类(添加降级代码)
远程调用失败, 会执行降级类中的代码
ItemFeignService
...
@FeignClient(name="item-service", fallback = ItemFeignServiceFB.class)
public interface ItemFeignService {
...
UserFeignService
...
@FeignClient(name="user-service", fallback = UserFeignServiceFB.class)
public interface UserFeignService {
...
OrderFeignService
...
@FeignClient(name="order-service",fallback = OrderFeignServiceFB.class)
public interface OrderFeignService {
...
## 降级类
降级类需要实现远程接口
ItemFeignServiceFB
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Component
public class ItemFeignServiceFB implements ItemFeignService {
@Override
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("无法获取订单商品列表");
}
@Override
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(List<Item> items) {
return JsonResult.err("无法修改商品库存");
}
}
UserFeignServiceFB
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Component
public class UserFeignServiceFB implements UserFeignService {
@Override
public JsonResult<User> getUser(Integer userId) {
return JsonResult.err("无法获取用户信息");
}
@Override
public JsonResult addScore(Integer userId, Integer score) {
return JsonResult.err("无法增加用户积分");
}
}
OrderFeignServiceFB
package cn.tedu.sp09.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Component
public class OrderFeignServiceFB implements OrderFeignService {
@Override
public JsonResult<Order> getOrder(String orderId) {
return JsonResult.err("无法获取商品订单");
}
@Override
public JsonResult addOrder() {
return JsonResult.err("无法保存订单");
}
}
## 启动服务,访问测试
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
十七、feign + hystrix 监控 和 熔断测试
## pom.xml 添加 hystrix 起步依赖
修改sp09-feign项目
<mark>feign
没有包含完整的 hystrix
依赖</mark>
右键点击项目,编辑起步依赖,添加 hystrix
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
## 主程序添加 @EnableCircuitBreaker
package cn.tedu.sp09;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableCircuitBreaker // 熔断(监控,也需要开启)
@EnableFeignClients //
@EnableDiscoveryClient // 注册
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp09FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp09FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
## sp09-feign 配置 actuator,暴露 hystrix.stream 监控端点
actuator 依赖
查看 pom.xml
, 确认已经添加了 actuator
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml 暴露 hystrix.stream 端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: hystrix.stream
## 启动服务,查看监控端点
http://localhost:3001/actuator
## hystrix dashboard
启动 hystrix dashboard
服务,填入 feign
监控路径,开启监控
访问 http://localhost:4001/hystrix
-
填入 feign 监控路径:
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream -
访问微服务,以产生监控数据
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
http://localhost:3001/order-service/
## 熔断测试
- 用 ab 工具,以并发50次,来发送20000个请求
ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
- 断路器状态为
Open
,所有请求会被短路,直接降级执行fallback
方法
十八、order service 调用商品库存服务和用户服务
<mark>sp09-feign项目关闭,不再使用</mark>
## 整合服务
pom.xml
右键点击项目编辑起步依赖,添加以下依赖:
- actuator
- feign
- hystrix
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp04-orderservice</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp04-orderservice</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>
spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>
spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix
</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
application.yml
ribbon
重试和 hystrix
超时这里没有设置,采用了默认值
spring:
application:
name: order-service
server:
port: 8201
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: hystrix.stream
主程序
package cn.tedu.sp04;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
//@EnableDiscoveryClient
//@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringCloudApplication
public class Sp04OrderserviceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp04OrderserviceApplication.class, args);
}
}
ItemFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient(name="item-service", fallback = ItemFeignServiceFB.class)
public interface ItemFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{orderId}")
JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(@PathVariable String orderId);
@PostMapping("/decreaseNumber")
JsonResult decreaseNumber(@RequestBody List<Item> items);
}
UserFeignService
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@FeignClient(name="user-service", fallback = UserFeignServiceFB.class)
public interface UserFeignService {
@GetMapping("/{userId}")
JsonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Integer userId);
@GetMapping("/{userId}/score")
JsonResult addScore(@PathVariable Integer userId, @RequestParam Integer score);
}
ItemFeignServiceFB
- 获取商品列表的降级方法,模拟使用缓存数据
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Component
public class ItemFeignServiceFB implements ItemFeignService {
@Override
public JsonResult<List<Item>> getItems(String orderId) {
if(Math.random()<0.5) {
return JsonResult.ok().data(
Arrays.asList(new Item[] {
new Item(1,"缓存aaa",2),
new Item(2,"缓存bbb",1),
new Item(3,"缓存ccc",3),
new Item(4,"缓存ddd",1),
new Item(5,"缓存eee",5)
})
);
}
return JsonResult.err("无法获取订单商品列表");
}
@Override
public JsonResult decreaseNumber(List<Item> items) {
return JsonResult.err("无法修改商品库存");
}
}
UserFeignServiceFB
- 获取用户信息的降级方法,模拟使用缓存数据
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Componentz
public class UserFeignServiceFB implements UserFeignService {
@Override
public JsonResult<User> getUser(Integer userId) {
if(Math.random()<0.4) {
return JsonResult.ok(new User(userId, "缓存name"+userId, "缓存pwd"+userId));
}
return JsonResult.err("无法获取用户信息");
}
@Override
public JsonResult addScore(Integer userId, Integer score) {
return JsonResult.err("无法增加用户积分");
}
}
OrderServiceImpl
package cn.tedu.sp04.order.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Item;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.Order;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.OrderService;
import cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient.ItemFeignService;
import cn.tedu.sp04.order.feignclient.UserFeignService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private ItemFeignService itemService;
@Autowired
private UserFeignService userService;
@Override
public Order getOrder(String orderId) {
//调用user-service获取用户信息
JsonResult<User> user = userService.getUser(7);
//调用item-service获取商品信息
JsonResult<List<Item>> items = itemService.getItems(orderId);
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(orderId);
order.setUser(user.getData());
order.setItems(items.getData());
return order;
}
@Override
public void addOrder(Order order) {
//调用item-service减少商品库存
itemService.decreaseNumber(order.getItems());
//TODO: 调用user-service增加用户积分
userService.addScore(7, 100);
log.info("保存订单:"+order);
}
}
## order-service 配置启动参数,启动两台服务器
- –server.port=8201
- –server.port=8202
## 启动服务,访问测试
-
根据orderid,获取订单
http://localhost:8201/123abc
http://localhost:8202/123abc
## hystrix dashboard 监控 order service 断路器
访问 http://localhost:4001/hystrix ,填入 order service 的断路器监控路径,启动监控
- http://localhost:8201/actuator/hystrix.stream
- http://localhost:8202/actuator/hystrix.stream
十九、hystrix + turbine 集群聚合监控
hystrix dashboard
一次只能监控一个服务实例,使用 turbine
可以汇集监控信息,将聚合后的信息提供给 hystrix dashboard
来集中展示和监控
## 新建 sp10-turbine 项目
## pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp10-turbine</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp10-turbine</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-turbine</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
## application.yml
spring:
application:
name: turbin
server:
port: 5001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
turbine:
app-config: order-service
cluster-name-expression: new String("default")
注意:
new String(“default”)
必须这么写
否则启动的时候会抛出异常:
org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E: Property or field ‘default‘ cannot be found on object of type ‘com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo‘ - maybe not public or not valid?
参数说明:
turbine.aggregator.cluster-config
参数设定cluster
名字
当使用default
,默认聚合turbine.appConfig
中设定的所有服务名的数据;turbine.app-config
参数设定需要收集监控信息的服务名;turbine.cluster-name-expression
参数指定了集群名称为default
当我们服务数量非常多的时候,可以启动多个Turbine
服务来构建不同的聚合集群
<mark>而该参数可以用来区分这些不同的聚合集群</mark>
同时该参数值可以在Hystrix
仪表盘中用来定位不同的聚合集群
只需要在Hystrix Stream
的URL
中通过cluster
参数来指定。
## 主程序
添加 @EnableTurbine
和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
注解
package cn.tedu.sp10;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.turbine.EnableTurbine;
@EnableTurbine
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp10TurbineApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp10TurbineApplication.class, args);
}
}
## 访问测试
-
8201
服务器产生监控数据:
http://localhost:8201/abc123
http://localhost:8201/ -
8202
服务器产生监控数据:
http://localhost:8202/abc123
http://localhost:8202/ -
turbine
监控路径
http://localhost:5001/turbine.stream -
在
hystrix dashboard
中填入turbine
监控路径,开启监控
http://localhost:4001/hystrix -
<mark>turbine聚合了order-service两台服务器的hystrix监控信息</mark>
源码: https://github.com/benwang6/spring-cloud-repo
# 二十、zuul API网关
zuul API
网关,为微服务应用提供<mark>统一的对外访问接口</mark>。
zuul
还提供过滤器,对所有微服务提供统一的请求校验。
## 新建 sp11-zuul 项目
## pom.xml
- <mark>需要添加 sp01-commons 依赖</mark>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp11-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp11-zuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp01-commons</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
## applicatoin.yml
- <mark>zuul 路由配置可以省略,缺省以服务 id 作为访问路径</mark>
spring:
application:
name: zuul
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
zuul:
routes:
item-service: /item-service/**
user-service: /user-service/**
order-service: /order-service/**
## 主程序
添加 @EnableZuulProxy
和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
注解
package cn.tedu.sp11;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient // 发现
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp11ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp11ZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
## 启动服务,访问测试
- http://eureka1:2001
- http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
- http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
- http://localhost:3001/user-service/7
- http://localhost:3001/user-service/7/score?score=100
- http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
- http://localhost:3001/order-service/
# zuul + ribbon 负载均衡
zuul 已经集成了 ribbon,<mark>默认已经实现了负载均衡</mark>
# zuul + ribbon 重试
pom.xml 添加 spring-retry 依赖
- <mark>需要 spring-retry 依赖</mark>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置 zuul 开启重试,并配置 ribbon 重试参数
- <mark>需要开启重试,默认不开启</mark>
spring:
application:
name: zuul
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
zuul:
retryable: true
# 默认全部
# routes:
# item-service: /item-service/**
# user-service: /user-service/**
# order-service: /order-service/**
ribbon:
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 1000
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
MaxAutoRetries: 1
## zuul + hystrix 降级
创建降级类
- <mark>getRoute() 方法中指定应用此降级类的服务id,星号或null值可以通配所有服务</mark>
ItemServiceFallback
package cn.tedu.sp11.fallback;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class ItemServiceFallback implements FallbackProvider {
// getRoute() 方法中指定应用此降级类的服务id,星号或null值可以通配所有服务
@Override
public String getRoute() {
//当执行item-service失败,
//应用当前这个降级类
return "item-service";
//星号和null都表示所有微服务失败都应用当前降级类
//"*"; //null;
}
//该方法返回封装降级响应的对象
//ClientHttpResponse中封装降级响应
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return response();
}
private ClientHttpResponse response() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
//下面三个方法都是协议号
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
log.info("fallback body");
String s = JsonResult.err().msg("后台服务错误").toString();
return new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
OrderServiceFallback
package cn.tedu.sp11.fallback;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class OrderServiceFallback implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "order-service"; //"*"; //null;
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return response();
}
private ClientHttpResponse response() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
log.info("fallback body");
String s = JsonResult.err().msg("后台服务错误").toString();
return new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
降低 hystrix 超时时间,以便测试降级
spring:
application:
name: zuul
server:
port: 3001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
zuul:
retryable: true
ribbon:
ConnectTimeout: 1000
ReadTimeout: 2000
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
MaxAutoRetries: 1
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 500
启动服务,测试降级
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
## zuul + hystrix 数据监控
暴露 hystrix.stream 监控端点
- zuul 已经包含 actuator 依赖
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: hystrix.stream
开启监控
启动 sp08-hystrix-dashboard
,填入 zuul
的监控端点路径,开启监控
http://localhost:4001/hystrix
填入监控端点:
http://localhost:3001/actuator/hystrix.stream
必须通过zuul网关访问后台服务才产生生监控数据
-
http://localhost:3001/item-service/decreaseNumber
使用postman,POST发送以下格式数据:
[{"id":1, "name":"abc", "number":23},{"id":2, "name":"def", "number":11}]
## zuul + turbine 聚合监控
<mark>修改 turbine 项目,聚合 zuul 服务实例</mark>
spring:
application:
name: turbin
server:
port: 5001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
turbine:
app-config: order-service, zuul
cluster-name-expression: new String("default")
- 使用hystrix仪表盘, 对 turbine 监控端点进行监控, 此端点聚合了订单服务和zull网关服务的监控数据
http://localhost:5001/turbine.stream
## 熔断测试
ab -n 20000 -c 50 http://localhost:3001/order-service/123abc
二十一、zuul 请求过滤
## 定义过滤器,继承 ZuulFilter
<mark>在 sp11-zuul 项目中新建过滤器类</mark>
package cn.tedu.sp11.filter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonResult;
@Component
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter{
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
//对指定的serviceid过滤,如果要过滤所有服务,直接返回 true
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
String serviceId = (String) ctx.get(FilterConstants.SERVICE_ID_KEY);
if(serviceId.equals("item-service")) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest req = ctx.getRequest();
String token = req.getParameter("token");
if (token == null) {
//此设置会阻止请求被路由到后台微服务
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
//向客户端的响应
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(200);
ctx.setResponseBody(JsonResult.err().code(JsonResult.NOT_LOGIN).toString());
}
//zuul过滤器返回的数据设计为以后扩展使用,
//目前该返回值没有被使用
return null;
}
@Override
public String filterType() {
return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
//该过滤器顺序要 > 5,才能得到 serviceid
return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER+1;
}
}
## 访问测试
- 没有token参数不允许访问
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35
- 有token参数可以访问
http://localhost:3001/item-service/35?token=1234
二十二、zuul Cookie过滤
zuul
会过滤敏感 http
协议头,默认过滤以下协议头:
- Cookie
- Set-Cookie
- Authorization
可以设置 zuul
不过滤这些协议头
zuul:
sensitive-headers:
二十三、config 配置中心
yml
配置文件保存到 git 服务器,例如 github.com 或 gitee.com
微服务启动时,从服务器获取配置文件
## github 上存放配置文件
新建 “Project”,命名为 config
将sp02,sp03,sp04,sp11四个项目的yml配置文件,复制到config项目,并改名
- item-service-dev.yml
- user-service-dev.yml
- order-service-dev.yml
- zuul-dev.yml
- <mark>最后,清空四个项目中的
application.yml
文件</mark>
禁止配置中心的配置信息覆盖客户端配置
默认配置中心配置 <mark>优先级高</mark>, <mark>配置中心配置会覆盖客户端的所有配置,</mark>
包括命令行参数配置,这样我们在 item-service
和 order-service
中配置的端口号启动参数会无效
item-service 启动参数:
- –service.port=8001
- –service.port=8002
.order-service 启动参数
- –service.port=8201
- –service.port=8202
我们可以设置禁止配置中心的配置将客户端配置覆盖掉
<mark>在四个配置文件中添加下面的配置</mark>
spring:
......
cloud:
config:
override-none: true
将 config 项目上传到 github
-
<mark>新建仓库</mark>
-
<mark>仓库命名</mark>
-
<mark>将项目分享到仓库</mark>
-
<mark>选择新建本地仓库</mark>
-
仓库目录选择 <mark>工作空间</mark> 目录下一个新目录: sp-config
-
提交项目
-
<mark>填写sp-config仓库地址</mark>
-
<mark>查看远程仓库文件</mark>
## config 服务器
config
配置中心从 git
下载所有配置文件。
而其他微服务启动时从 config
配置中心获取配置信息。
新建 sp12-config 项目
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
<artifactId>sp12-config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sp12-config</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
application:
name: config-server
cloud:
config:
server:
git:
uri: https://github.com/你的个人路径/sp-config
searchPaths: config
#username: your-username
#password: your-password
server:
port: 6001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
主程序添加 @EnableConfigServer 和 @EnableDiscoveryClient
package cn.tedu.sp12;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
@EnableConfigServer
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class Sp12ConfigApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Sp12ConfigApplication.class, args);
}
}
启动,访问测试
-
访问 item-service-dev.yml 可以使用以下形式:
http://localhost:6001/item-service-dev.yml
http://localhost:6001/item-service/dev -
测试其他文件
http://localhost:6001/user-service/dev
http://localhost:6001/zuul/dev
…
## config 客户端
修改以下项目,从配置中心获取配置信息
- sp02-itemservice
- sp03-userservice
- sp04-orderservice
- sp11-zuul
pom.xml 添加 config 客户端依赖
右键点击项目,编辑起步依赖,添加 config client 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
在四个项目中添加 bootstrap.yml
bootstrap.yml
,引导配置文件,先于 application.yml
加载
- <mark>item-service</mark>
spring:
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true # config server 可发现
service-id: config-server # config server id
name: item-service # 哪个配置
profile: dev # 哪个profile
eureka:
client:
service-url:
# 指定默认注册中心
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
- <mark>user-service</mark>
spring:
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: config-server
name: user-service
profile: dev
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
- <mark>order-service</mark>
spring:
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: config-server
name: order-service
profile: dev
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
- <mark>zuul</mark>
spring:
cloud:
config:
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: config-server
name: zuul
profile: dev
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
启动服务,观察从配置中心获取配置信息的日志
注意:这里端口号不同,是因为在命令行里面写了端口号,并且在配置里面声明不忽略命令行的操作
控制台打印:
如果发现服务无法请求别的服务。
去注册中心看看
.
如果在 eureka 界面发现(这里。在配置里面配置,能看到服务连接的 ip)
服务 ip 不是我们本机的 192.168.64.1(服务是本机开的,理所当然应该是本机ip)
发现用的是我 虚拟机的另一个 net 网卡 ip
分析服务器和内部局域网的网络结构
向 eureka 注册
- 列出所有网卡
172.19.0.xxx
192.167.1.xxx
192.168.64.xxx- 服务提交ip时,顺序查找不是本机回环 ip 的地址
<mark>之所以出现上面,ip不是本机,正是因为顺序查找时候,先找到上面jip,误以为服务来自上面ip</mark>
最终导致,别的服务无法连接到错误ip的服务
。
因此,我们需要<mark>在每个服务上</mark>指定使用的正确的网卡
<mark>其次,eureka 注册中心,为服务注册时,有可能自动选择主机名进行注册</mark>,而不是使用 ip 地址。
<mark>主机名在局域网中有可能不会被正确的解析</mark>
在,eureka 上,应该使用 ip 进行注册
并且,指定在界面列表中显示的格式eureka: instance: instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
## 配置刷新
spring cloud
允许 <mark>运行时动态刷新</mark> 配置,可以<mark>重新从配置中心获取新的配置信息</mark>
以 user-service
为例演示配置刷新
pom.xml
user-service
的 pom.xml
中添加 actuator
依赖
右键点击 sp03-user-service
项目,编辑起步依赖,添加 actuator
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml 配置文件中暴露 refresh 端点
- <mark>修改 config 项目中的
user-service-dev.yml
</mark>, 并提交推送到远程仓库
并提交推送到远程仓库
并提交推送到远程仓库
并提交推送到远程仓库
<mark>并提交推送到远程仓库</mark>
并提交推送到远程仓库
sp:
user-service:
users: "[{\"id\":7, \"username\":\"abc\",\"password\":\"123\"},{\"id\":8, \"username\":\"def\",\"password\":\"456\"},{\"id\":9, \"username\":\"ghi\",\"password\":\"789\"}]"
spring:
application:
name: user-service
cloud:
config:
override-none: true
server:
port: 8101
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: refresh
UserServiceImpl 添加 @RefreshScope 注解
- <mark>只允许对添加了
@RefreshScope
或@ConfigurationProperties
注解的Bean
刷新配置</mark>,可以将更新的配置数据注入到Bean
中
package cn.tedu.sp03.user.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import cn.tedu.sp01.pojo.User;
import cn.tedu.sp01.service.UserService;
import cn.tedu.web.util.JsonUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@RefreshScope
@Slf4j
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Value("${sp.user-service.users}")
private String userJson;
@Override
public User getUser(Integer id) {
log.info("users json string : "+userJson);
List<User> list = JsonUtil.from(userJson, new TypeReference<List<User>>() {});
for (User u : list) {
if (u.getId().equals(id)) {
return u;
}
}
return new User(id, "name-"+id, "pwd-"+id);
}
@Override
public void addScore(Integer id, Integer score) {
// 这里增加积分
log.info("user "+id+" - 增加积分 "+score);
}
}
重启配置中心, 再重启sp03, 查看暴露的刷新端点
- 查看暴露的刷新端点
http://localhost:8101/actuator
修改config项目的user-service-dev.yml文件并提交
现在的配置数据中只有7,8,9三个测试用户的数据,没有99这个用户的数据
在user-service-dev.yml文件添加99用户的数据
sp:
user-service:
users: "[{\"id\":7, \"username\":\"abc\",\"password\":\"123\"},{\"id\":8, \"username\":\"def\",\"password\":\"456\"},{\"id\":9, \"username\":\"ghi\",\"password\":\"789\"},{\"id\":99, \"username\":\"aaa\",\"password\":\"111\"}]"
<mark>修改后提交推送到远程仓库</mark>
测试访问
用postman访问刷新端点, 刷新配置
-
刷新端点路径:
http://localhost:8101/actuator/refresh
-
使用 postman 向刷新端点发送 post 请求
访问 user-service,查看动态更新的新用户数据
二十四、config bus + rabbitmq 消息总线配置刷新
上面实现了点的配置刷新,但是点多的时候,麻烦。
要让多个服务同时刷新,可以添加 config bus
<mark>这里的,bus 我们叫 消息总线(辅助传送消息)</mark>
bus 接收到 配置中心的刷新消息 ,就群发到各个服务点
群发过程中,消息总线需要一个中间服务,叫 消息中间件服务器、消息服务器、消息队列服务器
.
常用的:
RabbitMQ
(目前好用 2020年3月10日)ActiveMQ
RocketMQ
(阿里)(需要集成)
下面,我们先把消息中间件 rabbitmq
搭建起来
post
请求消息总线刷新端点,服务器会向 rabbitmq
发布刷新消息,接收到消息的微服务会向配置服务器请求刷新配置信息
## rabbitmq 安装笔记
RabbitMQ 服务器搭建
-
克隆出 centos-7-1810 创建连接克隆,起名 rabbitmq>
右键>管理>克隆>当前状态>链接克隆
-
启动后,设置ip
ip:192.168.64.140(宿主机 192.168.64.1 )脚本
./setip.sh
可直接设置 - 下载
-
检查是否跟 windows 宿主机互联(ping 不通,重复步骤2,检查联网模式,网关,ip,服务是否重启)
-
远程工具连接140服务器(xshell、winscp、filezilla 随便)(推荐圣器MobaXterm)
后面两个用于文件传输
<mark>文件传输选择 sftp协议</mark>
接着,就是 rabbitmq 的安装
看
笔记 1 ⭐️⭐️⭐️ https://lawsssscat.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104768116
笔记 2 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38305440/article/details/102810522
## 动态更新配置的微服务
根据上面的笔记,配置完 rabbitmq ,在管理界面把 新建的用户 admin 权限全部打开。就可以继续下面操作了。
-
需要动态更新配置的微服务,添加
spring cloud bus
依赖,并添加rabbitmq
连接信息
修改以下微服务sp02-item-service
sp03-user-service
sp04-order-service
sp11-zuul
sp12-config
-
然后,配置 rabbitmq 的连接信息
直接修改sp12-config 的 application.yml
2/3/4/11 的 config目录的四个文件,并推送到远程仓库 -
config 项目暴露
bus-refresh
刷新断点
pom.xml 添加 spring cloud bus 依赖
使用 STS 编辑起步依赖,分别添加 bus
、rabbitmq
依赖
<mark>修改5个项目</mark>
<!-- bus依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-bus</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- rabbitmq 三个依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-binder-rabbit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
配置文件中添加 rabbitmq 连接信息
在以下配置文件中修改:
config
中的4个配置文件sp12-config
项目的application.yml
注意:
- <mark>连接信息请修改成你的连接信息</mark>
- <mark>config项目需要提交</mark>
spring:
......
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.64.140
# rabbit client 端通信端口
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
注意,修改了要提交
config-server 暴***us-refresh 刷新端点
修改 sp12-config 项目的 application.yml, 暴***us-refresh端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: bus-refresh
- 查看刷新端点
http://localhost:6001/actuator
config
## 启动服务(看启动是否成功)
启动后
localhost:2001
http://192.168.64.140:15672/#/connections
## 请求刷新端点发布刷新消息
- postman 向 bus-refresh 刷新端点发送
post
请求
http://localhost:6001/actuator/bus-refresh - 发送前
- 发送后
同时接收到 6001(config服务器)发来的刷新配置信息
注意:
-
在新标签中测试
-
如果刷新指定的微服务,可按下面格式访问:
http://localhost:6001/actuator/bus-refresh/user-service:8101
(指定服务,指定端口的服务配置刷新)
## config 本地文系统(选做)
可以把配置文件保存在配置中心服务的
resources
目录下,直接访问本地文件
把配置文件保存到 sp12-config 项目的 resources/config 目录下
修改 application.yml 激活 native profile,并指定配置文件目录
- <mark>必须配置</mark>
spring.profiles.active=native
来激活本地文件系统- <mark>本地路径默认</mark>:
[classpath:/, classpath:/config, file:./, file:./config]
spring:
application:
name: config-server
profiles:
active: native
cloud:
config:
server:
native:
search-locations: classpath:/config
# git:
# uri: https://github.com/你的用户路径/sp-config
# searchPaths: config
# username: your-username
# password: your-password
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.64.140
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
server:
port: 6001
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1:2001/eureka, http://eureka2:2002/eureka
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: bus-refresh
二十五、sleuth 链路跟踪
随着系统规模越来越大,<mark>微服务之间调用关系变得错综复杂,一条调用链路中可能调用多个微服务,任何一个微服务不可用都可能造整个调用过程失败</mark>
<mark>spring cloud sleuth 可以跟踪调用链路,分析链路中每个节点的执行情况</mark>
## sleuth 跟踪原理
跟踪
链路头,会生成一个标识(<mark>黄色部分</mark>),标识整条链路(下图)
链路每个节点,都会存储这个标识,
如果标识一样,就说明是同一条链路
监控
每条链路节点上还有一个布尔值,用来指定这个节点是否被监控
如zipking 监控,会把监控信息呈现出来(下图)
<mark>注意</mark>
- 如果访问量大,每次访问都会有数据发送到zipking,导致网络拥挤
- 因此,sleuth、zipking 默认只分析 10% 的数据
(10次请求,只有一次发送到zipking)
下面,分两步
- 添加 sluth
- 添加 zipking
## 微服务中添加 spring cloud sleuth 依赖
(非常简单,添加依赖,无需配置)
修改以下微服务的 pom.xml,添加 sleuth 依赖
- sp02-item-service
- sp03-user-service
- sp04-order-service
- sp11-zuul
编辑起步依赖,分别 sleuth 依赖
(为什么选这四个呢?因为这四个有调用关系)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>
## 在控制台查看链路跟踪日志
- 通过 zuul 网关,访问 order-service
http://localhost:3001/order-service/112233
四个微服务的控制台日志中,可以看到以下信息:
[服务id,请求id,span id,是否发送到zipkin]
- 请求id:请求到达第一个微服务时生成一个请求id,该id在调用链路中会一直向后面的微服务传递
- span id:链路中每一步微服务调用,都生成一个新的id
[zuul,6c24c0a7a8e7281a,6c24c0a7a8e7281a,false]
[order-service,6c24c0a7a8e7281a,993f53408ab7b6e3,false]
[item-service,6c24c0a7a8e7281a,ce0c820204dbaae1,false]
[user-service,6c24c0a7a8e7281a,fdd1e177f72d667b,false]
二十六、sleuth + zipkin 链路分析
zipkin 可以收集链路跟踪数据,提供 <mark>可视化</mark> 的链路分析
<mark>zipkin 不直接从服务接收数据,通过从rabbitmq中获取数据</mark>
## 修改 2/3/4/11 向 rabbitmq 发送链路跟踪信息
- 添加 zipkin 客户端依赖
- 添加 rabbitmq 依赖 和链接信息(前面完成了)
## 链路数据抽样比例
默认 10% 的链路数据会被发送到 zipkin 服务。可以配置修改抽样比例
spring:
sleuth:
sampler:
probability: 0.1
## zipkin 服务
下载 zipkin 服务器
https://github.com/openzipkin/zipkin
## 启动 zipkin 时,连接到 rabbitmq
java -jar zipkin-server-2.12.9-exec.jar --zipkin.collector.rabbitmq.uri=amqp://admin:admin@192.168.64.140:5672
<mark>注意,这里需要有 --zipkin.collector.rabbitmq.uri 参数,用以指定要链接的rabbitmq服务器(指定从哪里接收信息)</mark>
新版logo(2020年3月11日)
<mark>9441端口</mark>
## 微服务添加 zipkin 起步依赖
修改以下微服务
- sp02-item-service
- sp03-user-service
- sp04-order-service
- sp11-zuul
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
<mark>如果没有配置过 spring cloud bus,还需要添加 rabbitmq 依赖和连接信息</mark>
## 启动并访问服务,访问 zipkin 查看链路分析
-
http://localhost:3001/order-service/112233
刷新访问多次,链路跟踪数据中,默认只有 10% 会被收集到zipkin -
访问 zipkin
http://localhost:9411/zipkin
新版