列表

创建普通列表，见上一个for循环的例子。

创建混合类型的列表，就是每个元素可以不是相同类型的数据，也可以列表套列表

创建空列表

>>> li=[]

>>> li

[]


想列表添加元素

append()

>>> li.append('misszhou')

>>> li

['misszhou']

>>> li.append('zyj','2013')

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#21>", line 1, in <module>

    li.append('zyj','2013')

TypeError: append() takes exactly one argument (2 given)

extend()

>>> li.extend('zyj','21')

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#22>", line 1, in <module>

    li.extend('zyj','21')

TypeError: extend() takes exactly one argument (2 given)

>>> li.extend(['zyj','21'])

>>> li

['misszhou', 'zyj', '21']


insert()可以不放到最后


>>> li.insert(0,'zz')

>>> li

['zz', 'misszhou', 'zyj', '21']


从列表中获取元素

>>> li[1]

'misszhou'

>>> temp=li[0]

>>> li[0]=li[1]

>>> li[1]=temp

>>> li

['misszhou', 'zz', 'zyj', '21']


从列表删除元素

remove()

>>> li.remove('21')

>>> li

['misszhou', 'zz', 'zyj']

>>> li.remove('xx')

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#35>", line 1, in <module>

    li.remove('xx')

ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

del

>>> del  li[0]

>>> li

['zz', 'zyj']

pop()

>>> li

['zyj', '21', 'misszhou']

>>> li.pop()

'misszhou'

>>> li

['zyj', '21']

>>> li.pop(0)

'zyj'

>>> li

['21']


列表分片 Slice

一次性获得多个多个元素，只是获得分片的拷贝，不改变原来的列表

>>> li=['zyj','21','misszhou']

>>> li[0:1]

['zyj']

>>> li

['zyj', '21', 'misszhou']

>>> li[1:]

['21', 'misszhou']

>>> li[:2]

['zyj', '21']

>>> li[:]

['zyj', '21', 'misszhou']


列表的常用操作符

比较操作符/逻辑操作符/连接操作符/重复操作符/成员关系操作符

>>> list1=[123]

>>> list2=[234]

>>> list1>list2

False

>>> list1.append(456)

>>> list2.append(123)

>>> list1

[123, 456]

>>> list2

[234, 123]

>>> list1>list2

False

>>> list3=[123,456]

>>> list1==list3

True

>>> list4=list1+list2

>>> list4

[123, 456, 234, 123]

>>> list1.extend(list2)

>>> list1

[123, 456, 234, 123]

>>> list1+'zyj'

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#28>", line 1, in <module>

    list1+'zyj'

TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list

>>> list1*3

[123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123]

>>> list1*=3

>>> list1

[123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123]

>>> list1*=5

>>> list1

[123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123]

>>> 123 in list1

True

>>> 123 not in list1

False

>>> list5=[123,['zyj','21'],456]

>>> 'zyj' in list5

False

>>> 'zyj' in list5[1]

True

>>> list5[1][1]

'21'


列表的函数

>>> dir(list)

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

>>> list1.count(123)

30

>>> list1.index(123)

0

>>> list1.index(123,3,7)

3

>>> list5.reverse()

>>> list5

[456, ['zyj', '21'], 123]

>>> list5.sort()

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#46>", line 1, in <module>

    list5.sort()

TypeError: unorderable types: list() < int()

>>> list6=[4,2,1,5,2,6,3,7]

>>> list6.sort()

>>> list6

[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

>>> list6.sort(reverse=True)

>>> list6

[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]

>>> list7=list6[:]

>>> list8=list6

>>> list7

[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]

>>> list8

[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]

>>> list6.sort()

>>> list6

[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

>>> list7

[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]

>>> list8

[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]


元组

（有限制的列表，不可改变内容）

区别：

创建与访问

>>> tuple1=(1,2,3,4)

>>> tuple1

(1, 2, 3, 4)

>>> tuple1[:]

(1, 2, 3, 4)

>>> tuple1[1:]

(2, 3, 4)

>>> tuple1[1]=2

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module>

    tuple1[1]=2

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

>>> temp=(1)

>>> temp

1

>>> type(temp)

<class 'int'>

>>> temp2=2,3,4

>>> type(temp2)

<class 'tuple'>

>>> temp=[]

>>> type(temp)

<class 'list'>

>>> temp=()

>>> type(temp)

<class 'tuple'>

>>> temp=(1,)

>>> type(temp)

<class 'tuple'>

>>> temp=1,

>>> type(temp)

<class 'tuple'>

>>> 8*8

64

>>> 8*(8)

64

>>> 8*(8,)

(8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8)


更新删除

>>> temp=('zyj','21','misszhou')

>>> temp=temp[:2]+('2013',)

>>> temp

('zyj', '21', '2013')

>>> temp=temp[:3]+('misszhou',)

>>> temp

('zyj', '21', '2013', 'misszhou')

>>> del temp

>>> temp

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<pyshell#27>", line 1, in <module>

    temp

NameError: name 'temp' is not defined


操作符

拼接/重复/关系操作符<><=>=/逻辑and or not/成员in no