1.jdbc是什么
JDBC
(Java DataBase Connectivity,java数据库连接)是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API
,可以为多种关系数据库提供统一访问,它由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口组成。JDBC
提供了一种基准,据此可以构建更高级的工具和接口,使数据库开发人员能够编写数据库应用程序。(百度百科)
jdbc
经常用来连接数据库,创建sql
或者mysql
语句,使用相关的api
去执行sql语句,从而操作数据库,达到查看或者修改数据库的目的。学习jbbc要求对java编程有一定了解,并了解一种数据库系统以及
sql
语句。环境要求:
1.本地装好
jdk
,并且装好mysql
数据库,我是直接装过wamp
带有mysql
数据库/docker
中安装的mysql。
2.使用IDEA开发
2.使用IDEA开发
2.1 创建数据库,数据表
我的mysql是使用docker创建的,如果是windows环境可以使用wamp较为方便。
数据库名字是test,数据表的名字是student,里面有四个字段,一个是id,也就是主键(自动递增),还有名字,年龄,成绩。最后先使用sql语句插入六个测试记录。
CREATE DATABASE `test` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; USE test; CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL , `age` INT NOT NULL , `score` DOUBLE NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE = MyISAM; INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1, '小红', 26, 83); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (2, '小白', 23, 93); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (3, '小明', 34, 45); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (4, '张三', 12, 78); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (5, '李四', 33, 96); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (6, '魏红', 23, 46);
2.2 使用IDEA创建项目
我使用maven工程方式,项目目录:
Student.class
package model; /** * student类,字段包括id,name,age,score * 实现无参构造,带参构造,toString方法,以及get,set方法 */ public class Student { private int id; private String name; private int age; private double score; public Student() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Student(String name, int age, double score) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; this.score = score; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public double getScore() { return score; } public void setScore(double score) { this.score = score; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", score=" + score + "]"; } }
DBUtil.class
package db; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; /** * 工具类,获取数据库的连接 * @author 秦怀 * */ public class DBUtil { private static String URL="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC"; private static String USER="root"; private static String PASSWROD ="123456"; private static Connection connection=null; static{ try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 获取数据库连接 connection=DriverManager.getConnection(URL,USER,PASSWROD); System.out.println("连接成功"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } // 返回数据库连接 public static Connection getConnection(){ return connection; } }
StudentDao.class
package dao; import model.Student; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import db.DBUtil; /** * 操作学生表的dao类 * @author 秦怀 * 下面均使用预编译的方法 */ public class StudentDao { //将连接定义为单例 private static Connection connection = DBUtil.getConnection(); // 添加新的学生 public void addStudent(Student student){ String sql ="insert into student(name,age,score) "+ "values(?,?,?)"; boolean result = false; try { // 将sql传进去预编译 PreparedStatement preparedstatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); // 下面把参数传进去 preparedstatement.setString(1, student.getName()); preparedstatement.setInt(2, student.getAge()); preparedstatement.setDouble(3, student.getScore()); preparedstatement.execute(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("创建数据库连接失败"); } } // 更新学生信息 public void updateStudent(Student student){ String sql = "update student set name = ? ,age =?,score = ? where id = ? "; boolean result = false; try { PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setString(1, student.getName()); preparedStatement.setInt(2, student.getAge()); preparedStatement.setDouble(3, student.getScore()); preparedStatement.setInt(4, student.getId()); preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("连接数据库失败"); } } // 根据id删除一个学生 public void deleteStudent(int id){ String sql = "delete from student where id = ?"; boolean result = false; try { PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setInt(1, id); result=preparedStatement.execute(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } // 根据id查询学生 public Student selectStudent(int id){ String sql ="select * from student where id =?"; try { PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setInt(1, id); ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); Student student = new Student(); // 一条也只能使用resultset来接收 while(resultSet.next()){ student.setId(resultSet.getInt("id")); student.setName(resultSet.getString("name")); student.setAge(resultSet.getInt("age")); student.setScore(resultSet.getDouble("score")); } return student; } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO: handle exception } return null; } // 查询所有学生,返回List public List<Student> selectStudentList(){ List<Student>students = new ArrayList<Student>(); String sql ="select * from student "; try { PreparedStatement preparedStatement = DBUtil.getConnection().prepareStatement(sql); ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); // 不能把student在循环外面创建,要不list里面六个对象都是一样的,都是最后一个的值, // 因为list add进去的都是引用 // Student student = new Student(); while(resultSet.next()){ Student student = new Student(); student.setId(resultSet.getInt(1)); student.setName(resultSet.getString(2)); student.setAge(resultSet.getInt(3)); student.setScore(resultSet.getDouble(4)); students.add(student); } } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO: handle exception } return students; } }
StudentAction.class
package action; import java.util.List; import dao.StudentDao; import model.Student; public class StudentAction { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao(); // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("========================查询所有学生========================"); List<Student> students =studentDao.selectStudentList(); for(int i=0;i<students.size();i++){ System.out.println(students.get(i).toString()); } System.out.println("========================修改学生信息========================"); Student stu2 = new Student("Jam",20,98.4); stu2.setId(2); studentDao.updateStudent(stu2); System.out.println("========================通过id查询学生========================"); Student student = studentDao.selectStudent(2); System.out.println(student.toString()); System.out.println("========================增加学生========================"); Student stu = new Student("new name",20,98.4); studentDao.addStudent(stu); System.out.println("========================删除学生信息========================"); studentDao.deleteStudent(4); System.out.println("========================查询所有学生========================"); students =studentDao.selectStudentList(); for(int i=0;i<students.size();i++){ System.out.println(students.get(i).toString()); } } }
执行的结果:
需要注意的点:
- 创建数据库之后需要赋予用户增删改查的权限
- 如果不是使用maven方式导入包,需要将依赖的包复制进来,并且add to path
- 以上代码使用的是预编译的方式,这样可以提高代码的可读性与维护性,还有就是很大程度上防止了sql注入的问题
- 如果不是用预编译,那么就需要拼接sql语句,很容易出错,而且预编译的作用是sql编译过后,放在缓存中,这样速度会更快。
- 使用拼接方式参考下面这段代码:
sql = "select * from table where name= '" + name + "' and password= '" + password+"'"; Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet resultset = statement.executeQuery(sql);
pom文件使用到的依赖,必须和自己的数据库版本匹配,要不会连接失败
<dependencies> <!-- mysql驱动包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.21</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
【作者简介】:
秦怀,公众号【秦怀杂货店】作者,技术之路不在一时,山高水长,纵使缓慢,驰而不息。这个世界希望一切都很快,更快,但是我希望自己能走好每一步,写好每一篇文章,期待和你们一起交流。
此文章仅代表自己(本菜鸟)学习积累记录,或者学习笔记,如有侵权,请联系作者核实删除。人无完人,文章也一样,文笔稚嫩,在下不才,勿喷,如果有错误之处,还望指出,感激不尽~