/**
 * struct TreeNode {
 *  int val;
 *  struct TreeNode *left;
 *  struct TreeNode *right;
 *  TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
  private:
    void sumOfLeftLeavesHelper(TreeNode* node, int& sum, bool isLeft) {
        if (!node) return;

        // 检查当前节点是否是左叶子节点
        if (isLeft && !node->left && !node->right) {
            sum += node->val;
        }

        // 递归遍历左子树和右子树
        sumOfLeftLeavesHelper(node->left, sum,
                              true);  // 对左子节点递归时标记为左节点
        sumOfLeftLeavesHelper(node->right, sum,
                              false);  // 对右子节点递归时标记为非左节点
    }
  public:
    /**
     * 代码中的类名、方法名、参数名已经指定,请勿修改,直接返回方法规定的值即可
     *
     *
     * @param root TreeNode类
     * @return int整型
     */
    int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
        // write code here
        int sum = 0;
        sumOfLeftLeavesHelper(root, sum, false);
        return sum;
    }
};