144. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal

 

提交网址: https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-preorder-traversal/

Total Accepted: 118355 Total Submissions: 297596 Difficulty: Medium


Given a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.

For example:
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},

   1
    \
     2
    /
   3

return [1,2,3].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?


分析:

借助栈实现非递归先序遍历算法的方法如下:
1)将二叉树的根结点作为当前结点。
2)若当前结点非空,则先访问该结点,并将该结点进栈,再将其左孩子结点作为当前结点,重复步骤2),直到当前结点为NULL为止。
3)若栈非空,则栈顶结点出栈,并将当前结点的右孩子结点作为当前结点。
4)重复步骤2)、3),直到栈为空且当前结点为NULL为止。


AC代码:

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;
struct TreeNode
{
	int val;
	TreeNode *left, *right;
	TreeNode(int x): val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} 
};

class Solution
{
public:
	vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root)
	{
	vector<int> res;
	TreeNode *p;
	stack<TreeNode*> s;
	p=root;
	
	while(!s.empty() || p!=NULL)
	{
		if(p!=NULL)
		{
			res.push_back(p->val);
			s.push(p);
			p=p->left;
		}
		if(p==NULL)
		{
			p=s.top();
			s.pop();
			p=p->right;
		}
	}
	return res; 
}	
};

// 以下为测试部分
/*
int main()
{
	Solution sol;
	vector<int> res;
	
	TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(1); 
    root->right = new TreeNode(2); 
    root->right->left = new TreeNode(3); 
	
	res=sol.preorderTraversal(root);
	
	for(int i:res)
		cout<<i<<" ";  // 此处为vector遍历的方法,C++11标准支持 
	return 0;
}
*/