LeetCode 0994. Rotting Oranges腐烂的橘子【Easy】【Python】【BFS】

Problem

LeetCode

In a given grid, each cell can have one of three values:

  • the value 0 representing an empty cell;
  • the value 1 representing a fresh orange;
  • the value 2 representing a rotten orange.

Every minute, any fresh orange that is adjacent (4-directionally) to a rotten orange becomes rotten.

Return the minimum number of minutes that must elapse until no cell has a fresh orange. If this is impossible, return -1 instead.

Example 1:

Input: [[2,1,1],[1,1,0],[0,1,1]]
Output: 4

Example 2:

Input: [[2,1,1],[0,1,1],[1,0,1]]
Output: -1
Explanation:  The orange in the bottom left corner (row 2, column 0) is never rotten, because rotting only happens 4-directionally.

Example 3:

Input: [[0,2]]
Output: 0
Explanation:  Since there are already no fresh oranges at minute 0, the answer is just 0.

Note:

  1. 1 <= grid.length <= 10
  2. 1 <= grid[0].length <= 10
  3. grid[i][j] is only 0, 1, or 2.

问题

力扣

在给定的网格中,每个单元格可以有以下三个值之一:

  • 0 代表空单元格;
  • 1 代表新鲜橘子;
  • 2 代表腐烂的橘子。

每分钟,任何与腐烂的橘子(在 4 个正方向上)相邻的新鲜橘子都会腐烂。

返回直到单元格中没有新鲜橘子为止所必须经过的最小分钟数。如果不可能,返回 -1

示例 1:

输入:[[2,1,1],[1,1,0],[0,1,1]]
输出:4

示例 2:

输入:[[2,1,1],[0,1,1],[1,0,1]]
输出:-1
解释:左下角的橘子(第 2 行, 第 0 列)永远不会腐烂,因为腐烂只会发生在 4 个正向上。

示例 3:

输入:[[0,2]]
输出:0
解释:因为 0 分钟时已经没有新鲜橘子了,所以答案就是 0 。

提示:

  1. 1 <= grid.length <= 10
  2. 1 <= grid[0].length <= 10
  3. grid[i][j] 仅为 0, 1, 或 2

思路

BFS

先统计新鲜橘子个数 fresh,并把腐烂橘子个数放在队列 q 中。
遍历 q,每次弹出队首元素,判断四周有没有新鲜橘子,并变为腐烂,同时加入队列 q,fresh 减 1。
当 q 为空时表示已经全部腐烂。
每次遍历都要判断是否还有新鲜橘子剩余,如果没有新鲜橘子剩余,直接返回 minute。
最后结束遍历,还要单独判断是否有新鲜橘子剩余(防止出现类似示例 2 这种永远不会腐烂的橘子的情况)。

时间复杂度: O(n*m),n 为行数,m 为列数。
空间复杂度: O(n*m),n 为行数,m 为列数。

Python3代码
class Solution:
    def orangesRotting(self, grid: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        n, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])
        fresh = 0
        q = []

        # count fresh oranges and enqueue rotten oranges
        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(m):
                if grid[i][j] == 1:
                    fresh += 1
                elif grid[i][j] == 2:
                    q.append((i, j))

        if fresh == 0:
            return 0
        dirs = [(0, 1), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (1, 0)]
        minute = 0

        # bfs
        while q:
            if fresh == 0:
                return minute

            size = len(q)
            for i in range(size):
                x, y = q.pop(0)
                for d in dirs:
                    nx, ny = x + d[0], y + d[1]
                    if nx < 0 or nx >= n or ny < 0 or ny >= m or grid[nx][ny] != 1:
                        continue
                    grid[nx][ny] = 2
                    q.append((nx, ny))
                    fresh -= 1
            minute += 1

        if fresh != 0:
            return -1

代码地址

GitHub链接