[尚硅谷封捷]_Maven02操作指南

1.解压部署Maven核心程序
①检查JAVA_HOME环境变量
C:\Windows\System32>echo %JAVA_HOME%
D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07
②解压Maven的核心程序
将apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.zip解压到一个非中文无空格的目录下。例如：D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2
③配置环境变量
M2_HOME D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2
path D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin
④查看Maven版本信息验证安装是否正确
C:\Windows\System32>mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.2.2 (45f7c06d68e745d05611f7fd14efb6594181933e; 2014-06-17T21:51:42+08:00)
Maven home: D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin..
Java version: 1.7.0_07, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07\jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK
OS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"
2.修改本地仓库
①默认本地仓库位置：~.m2\repository
~表示当前用户的家目录，例如：C:\Users[你当前登录系统的用户名]
②指定本地仓库位置的配置信息文件：apache-maven-3.2.2\conf\settings.xml
③在根标签settings下添加如下内容：<localrepository>[本地仓库路径，也就是RepMaven.zip的解压目录]</localrepository>
3.第一个Maven工程
①目录结构
Hello
|---src
|---|---main
|---|---|---java
|---|---|---resources
|---|---test
|---|---|---java
|---|---|---resources
|---pom.xml

②POM文件内容

<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>Hello</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<name>Hello</name>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

</project> ③编写主程序代码在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件Hello.java，内容如下 package com.atguigu.maven; public class Hello { public String sayHello(String name){ return "Hello "+name+"!"; } } ④编写测试代码在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloTest.java package com.atguigu.maven; import org.junit.Test; import static junit.framework.Assert.*; public class HelloTest { @Test public void testHello(){ Hello hello = new Hello(); String results = hello.sayHello("litingwei"); assertEquals("Hello litingwei!",results); } } ⑤运行几个基本的Maven命令 mvn compile 编译 mvn clean 清理 mvn test 测试 mvn package 打包 ※注意：运行Maven命令时一定要进入pom.xml文件所在的目录！ 4.第二个Maven工程 ①工程名：HelloFriend ②目录结构与第一个Maven工程相同 ③POM文件 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> <groupid>com.atguigu.maven</groupid> <artifactid>HelloFriend</artifactid> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>HelloFriend</name>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>        

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>Hello</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

</project> ④主程序：在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件HelloFriend.java package com.atguigu.maven; import com.atguigu.maven.Hello; public class HelloFriend { public String sayHelloToFriend(String name){ Hello hello = new Hello(); String str = hello.sayHello(name)+" I am "+this.getMyName(); System.out.println(str); return str; } public String getMyName(){ return "John"; } } ⑤测试程序：在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloFriendTest.java package com.atguigu.maven; import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals; import org.junit.Test; import com.atguigu.maven.Hello;

    public class HelloFriendTest {
        @Test
        public void testHelloFriend(){
            HelloFriend helloFriend = new HelloFriend();
            String results = helloFriend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");
            assertEquals("Hello litingwei! I am John",results);    
        }
    }
⑥运行Maven命令
    mvn install    安装

5.第三个Maven工程
①设置通过Maven创建的工程的JDK版本——一劳永逸
[1]打开settings.xml文件
[2]找到profiles标签
[3]加入如下配置
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.7</id>
<activation>
<activebydefault>true</activebydefault>
<jdk>1.7</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
②工程坐标
groupId：com.atguigu.maven
ArtifactId：MakeFriends
Package：com.atguigu.maven
③在src/main/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriends
public String makeFriends(String name){
HelloFriend friend = new HelloFriend();
friend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");
String str = "Hey,"+friend.getMyName()+" make a friend please.";
System.out.println(str);
return str;
}
④在src/test/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriendsTest
package com.atguigu.maven;
import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.Test;
public class MakeFriendsTest {
@Test
public void testMakeFriends(){
MakeFriends makeFriend = new MakeFriends();
String str = makeFriend.makeFriends("litingwei");
assertEquals("Hey,John make a friend please.",str);
}
}
⑤添加依赖信息
<dependency>
<groupid>junit</groupid>
<artifactid>junit</artifactid>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupid>com.atguigu.maven</groupid>
<artifactid>HelloFriend</artifactid>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
⑥在Eclipse环境下执行Maven命令：右击pom.xml选择run as 中的命令执行即可
6.测试依赖的范围对传递性的影响
①在Hello中添加对spring-core的依赖
<dependency>
<groupid>org.springframework</groupid>
<artifactid>spring-core</artifactid>
<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
②在HelloFriend中查看spring-core是否被加入了运行时环境
③将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为test，再到HelloFriend中检查
④将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为provided，再到HelloFriend中检查
⑤结论：非compile范围的依赖不能传递，必须在有需要的工程中单独加入
7.测试依赖原则
①路径最短者优先
[1]在Hello中依赖log4j-1.2.17
<dependency>
<groupid>log4j</groupid>
<artifactid>log4j</artifactid>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>

    [2]在HelloFriend中依赖log4j-1.2.14
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.14</version>
        </dependency>
    [3]查看MakeFriends中自动引入的log4j是哪个版本

②路径相同时先声明者优先
    [1]创建OurFriends工程，依赖log4j-1.2.17
    [2]让MakeFriends依赖OurFriends
    [3]测试MakeFriends中，HelloFriend和OurFriends依赖的先后顺序和引入的log4j版本之间的关系

8.创建Web工程
①ServletAPI依赖
<dependency>
<groupid>javax.servlet</groupid>
<artifactid>servlet-api</artifactid>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
②JSPAPI依赖
<dependency>
<groupid>javax.servlet.jsp</groupid>
<artifactid>jsp-api</artifactid>
<version>2.1.3-b06</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
9.Web工程自动部署
<build>
<finalname>AtguiguWeb</finalname>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupid>org.codehaus.cargo</groupid>
<artifactid>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactid>
<version>1.2.3</version>
<configuration>
<container>
<containerid>tomcat6x</containerid>
<home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>existing</type>
<home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>

<properties>
<cargo.servlet.port>8989</cargo.servlet.port>
</properties>
</configuration>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>cargo-run</id>
<phase>install</phase>
<goals>
<goal>run</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
10.继承
①创建Parent工程，打包方式为pom
②收集所有非compile范围的依赖信息，使用dependencyManagement标签统一管理
<dependencymanagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupid>junit</groupid>
<artifactid>junit</artifactid>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencymanagement>
③在各个子工程中引用父工程
<parent>
<groupid>com.atguigu.maven</groupid>
<artifactid>Parent</artifactid>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version></parent>

        <!-- 以当前文件为基准查找父工程中pom.xml文件的相对路径 -->
        <relativePath>../Parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>
④删除子工程中的重复信息
    groupId
    artifactid
⑤在子工程中找到被父工程管理的依赖信息，删除版本号部分
⑥在父工程中统一修改已管理的依赖信息的版本号，看是否能够控制所有子工程

11.聚合
在总的聚合工程中加入如下信息
<modules>
<module>../Hello</module>
<module>../HelloFriend</module>
<module>../MakeFriends</module>
</modules>