public class Solution {
    /**
     * 
     * @param s string字符串 
     * @return string字符串ArrayList
     */
    public ArrayList<String> restoreIpAddresses (String s) {
        // write code here
        int len = s.length();
        ArrayList<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
        // 如果长度不够,不搜索
        if (len < 4 || len > 12) {
            return res;
        }

        Deque<String> path = new ArrayDeque<>(4);
        int splitTimes = 0;
        dfs(s, len, splitTimes, 0, path, res);
        return res;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 判断 s 的子区间 [left, right] 是否能够成为一个 ip 段
     * 判断的同时顺便把类型转了
     *
     * @param s
     * @param left
     * @param right
     * @return
     */
    private int judgeIfIpSegment(String s, int left, int right) {
        int len = right - left + 1;

        // 大于 1 位的时候,不能以 0 开头
        if (len > 1 && s.charAt(left) == '0') {
            return -1;
        }

        // 转成 int 类型
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
            res = res * 10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
        }

        if (res > 255) {
            return -1;
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    
    
    
     private void dfs(String s, int len, int split, int begin, Deque<String> path, List<String> res) {
        if (begin == len) {
            if (split == 4) {
                res.add(String.join(".", path));
            }
            return;
        }

        // 看到剩下的不够了,就退出(剪枝),len - begin 表示剩余的还未分割的字符串的位数
        if (len - begin < (4 - split) || len - begin > 3 * (4 - split)) {
            return;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            if (begin + i >= len) {
                break;
            }

            int ipSegment = judgeIfIpSegment(s, begin, begin + i);
            if (ipSegment != -1) {
                // 在判断是 ip 段的情况下,才去做截取
                path.addLast(ipSegment + "");
                dfs(s, len, split + 1, begin + i + 1, path, res);
                path.removeLast();
            }
        }
    }
}