#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int FindTheLastDeleted(int N) {
    vector<int> arr;
    for (int i=0; i<N; i++){
        arr.push_back(i);
    }

    int index = 0;

    while(arr.size()>1){
        index = ((index + 2) % arr.size());
        arr.erase(arr.begin()+index);
    }

    return arr[0];
}

int main() {
    int N;
    while (cin >> N) { // 注意 while 处理多个 case
        cout<<FindTheLastDeleted(N)<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
// 64 位输出请用 printf("%lld")