因为微服务项目一般涉及的工程较多,所以在开发环境会把这些工程部署到虚拟机中,方便测试。

首先给出微服务开发虚拟机环境相关软件清单:

  1. Vagrant 2.2.10
  2. VirtualBox 6.1.16
  3. Windows PowerShell(windows 10 自带)

我们的目标是在 windows 10 下,构建出 Vagrant 管控的、 底层基于 VirtualBox 虚拟机技术的 CentOS 环境。

因为会用到底层虚拟化技术,所以我们需要首先在任务管理器的"性能"页签下,确认是否已启用虚拟化技术,如果没有需要在主板 Bios 中开启。

1、Vagrant

Vagrant 是一个虚拟机管理工具,通过它,我们可以快速实现虚拟机镜像分发和使用。

Vagrant 官网地址:
https://www.vagrantup.com/

vagrant /ˈveɪɡrənt/

One who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood.

(1)下载与安装

从 Vagrant 的下载页 找到对应操作系统版本的 msi 安装程序。

下载之后,双击 msi 即可进行安装。

安装过程中,我们可以选择 Vagrant 的安装路径:

其它没有什么特别的注意点,就是 Copying new files 过程会稍微久一些:

(2)验证

Vagrant 安装成功后,在命令行输入 vagrant version,就可以看到如下输出:

也可以使用 vagrant -v命令来查看版本号。

2、VirtualBox

VirtualBox 是一款功能强大的虚拟机软件,由于安装过程较简单,所以这里就不赘述咯。

因为镜像文件占用很大的存储空间,所以最好放在非系统盘中。

在 VirtualBox 中点击管理 -》全局设定

进入“常规”设置选项卡,在此可配置虚拟电脑位置:

3、安装 Vagrant Box

Vagrant中有两个重要概念:Box和Machine。Box指的是虚拟机应用镜像文件,比如 CentOS 应用。Machine指的是处于运行状态的虚拟机。

这里用到的 CentOS 来源于 app.vagrantup.com/boxes/searc…

安装 box: vagrant box add [box_name] file:///[box_path]

形如:vagrant box add --force --name centos7 C:\Users\86135\Documents\deniro-soft\MSA-CentOS7.box

注意:box 所在的 URI 必须是ascii 码,所以 box 所在的文件夹不能出现中文名。

如果需要覆盖已存在的 box,可以在之前的命令中加入 --force。

Vagrant2.x 的vagrant box add 命令说明摘录如下:

Usage: vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path>

Options:

    -c, --clean                      Clean any temporary download files
    -f, --force                      Overwrite an existing box if it exists
        --insecure                   Do not validate SSL certificates
        --cacert FILE                CA certificate for SSL download
        --capath DIR                 CA certificate directory for SSL download
        --cert FILE                  A client SSL cert, if needed
        --location-trusted           Trust 'Location' header from HTTP redirects and use the same credentials for subsequent urls as for the initial one
        --provider PROVIDER          Provider the box should satisfy
        --box-version VERSION        Constrain version of the added box

The box descriptor can be the name of a box on HashiCorp's Vagrant Cloud,
or a URL, or a local .box file, or a local .json file containing
the catalog metadata.

The options below only apply if you're adding a box file directly,
and not using a Vagrant server or a box structured like 'user/box':

        --checksum CHECKSUM          Checksum for the box
        --checksum-type TYPE         Checksum type (md5, sha1, sha256)
        --name BOX                   Name of the box
        --[no-]color                 Enable or disable color output
        --machine-readable           Enable machine readable output
    -v, --version                    Display Vagrant version
        --debug                      Enable debug output
        --timestamp                  Enable timestamps on log output
        --debug-timestamp            Enable debug output with timestamps
        --no-tty                     Enable non-interactive output
-h, --help                       Print this help

使用 vagrant box remove <name>,可以删除指定名称的 box。

4、初始化 Vagrant Box

打开 PowerShell(win10 自带,直接在搜索框中可以找到)

Windows PowerShell 是一种命令行外壳程序和脚本环境。

通过该命令 vagrant box list我们可以查看刚才安装的 CentOS Box:

切换到需要安装虚拟机的路径,然后运行 vagrant init <box_name>,执行初始化 Box 操作。

命令执行成功后,会在当前路径下生成 Vagrantfile 配置文件。

5、vagrantfile 配置

在 vagrantfile 中,我们一般会配置以下这些参数。

(1)配置 box 名称

config.vm.box = "centos7"

(2)配置私有网络

私有网络的意思是:只有当前主机才可以访问这个虚拟机。语法示例为:config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

(3)配置共享文件夹

Vagrant 提供了将本机目录挂载到虚拟机目录的功能,默认是将Vagrant 配置文件所在目录挂载到虚拟机 /vagrant 目录下。语法示例为:config.vm.synced_folder "C:/VM/Vagrant/data", "/host_data"。注意:本机目录(示例中的 C:/VM/Vagrant/data)必须预先创建好。

配置好后,就会在 vagrant up 命令启动后,看到输出日志:

通过 vagrant ssh 登录 CentOS 系统后,通过 cd / 进入根目录,就会看到主机所共享出来的目录:

(4)配置虚拟机内存与 CPU 数

vb.memory = "2048"
vb.cpus = 2

完整 vagrantfile 内容如下:

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos7"
  #config.vm.boot_timeout = 600

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"
  # config.vm.network "public_network",use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  config.vm.synced_folder "C:/VM/Vagrant/data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
   config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
     vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
   end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.cpus = 2
  end

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

6、Vagrant 常用命令

7、启动虚拟机

在 Windows PowerShell 中运行 vagrant up,等待片刻,就可以在 VirtualBox 中看到虚拟机已经启动起来了。

虚拟机启动成功的输出日志为:

最后通过 vagrant ssh 命令就可以登录虚拟机的 CentOS 系统。

作者:deniro

链接:
https://juejin.im/post/6892166418356256782

来源:掘金