LeetCode 0365. Water and Jug Problem水壶问题【Medium】【Python】【BFS】【数学】
Problem
You are given two jugs with capacities x and y litres. There is an infinite amount of water supply available. You need to determine whether it is possible to measure exactly z litres using these two jugs.
If z liters of water is measurable, you must have z liters of water contained within one or both buckets by the end.
Operations allowed:
- Fill any of the jugs completely with water.
- Empty any of the jugs.
- Pour water from one jug into another till the other jug is completely full or the first jug itself is empty.
Example 1: (From the famous *"Die Hard"* example)
Input: x = 3, y = 5, z = 4 Output: True
Example 2:
Input: x = 2, y = 6, z = 5 Output: False
问题
有两个容量分别为 x升 和 y升 的水壶以及无限多的水。请判断能否通过使用这两个水壶,从而可以得到恰好 z升 的水?
如果可以,最后请用以上水壶中的一或两个来盛放取得的 z升 水。
你允许:
- 装满任意一个水壶
- 清空任意一个水壶
- 从一个水壶向另外一个水壶倒水,直到装满或者倒空
示例 1: (From the famous "Die Hard" example)
输入: x = 3, y = 5, z = 4 输出: True
示例 2:
输入: x = 2, y = 6, z = 5 输出: False
思路
解法一
BFS
每次水壶都有三个操作:加满水、清空水、相互倒。
Python3代码
class Solution: def canMeasureWater(self, x: int, y: int, z: int) -> bool: # solution one: BFS from collections import deque queue = deque([[0, 0]]) visited = set([(0, 0)]) while queue: cur_x, cur_y = queue.pop() if z in [cur_x, cur_y, cur_x + cur_y]: return True for item in [ # x 加满水,y 加满水 (x, cur_y), (cur_x, y), # x 清空水,y 清空水 (0, cur_y), (cur_x, 0), # 把 x 壶的水灌进 y 壶,直至灌满或倒空 (cur_x + cur_y - y, y) if cur_x + cur_y >= y else (0, cur_x + cur_y), # 把 X 壶的水灌进 Y 壶,直至灌满或倒空 (x, cur_x + cur_y - x) if cur_x + cur_y >= x else (cur_x + cur_y, 0)]: if item not in visited: queue.appendleft(item) # 从队列左边加入元素 visited.add(item) return False
解法二
裴蜀定理
能否找到整数 a,b 使得方程 ax + by = z 有解。 有整数解时,当且仅当 z 是 a 和 b 的最大公约数 d 的倍数。
Python3代码
class Solution: def canMeasureWater(self, x: int, y: int, z: int) -> bool: # solution two: 裴蜀定理 import math if x + y < z: return False if x == z or y == z or x + y == z: return True return z % math.gcd(x, y) == 0