/**
 * struct TreeNode {
 *	int val;
 *	struct TreeNode *left;
 *	struct TreeNode *right;
 *	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * 代码中的类名、方法名、参数名已经指定,请勿修改,直接返回方法规定的值即可
     *
     * 
     * @param root TreeNode类 
     * @return int整型vector
     */
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        // write code here
        vector<int> nums;
        preorder(root, nums);
        return nums;
    }
    
    void preorder(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& nums){
        if(root == nullptr){
            return;
        }
        
        nums.push_back(root->val);
        preorder(root->left, nums);
        preorder(root->right, nums);
    }
};