下面是一个helloworld的代码。

// 二进制字节码（类基本信息，常量池，类方法定义，包含了虚拟机指令）
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("hello world");
    }
}

计算机最终会把这段代码转换为二进制代码后执行，这段二进制代码包含类基本信息、类方法定义(包含指令)、常量池。我们切换到out路径下对应的class文件所在目录，使用反编译命令javap -v xxx.class将二进制代码的内容转为可读的代码一探究竟。

Classfile /F:/资料 解密JVM/代码/jvm/out/production/jvm/cn/itcast/jvm/t5/helloworld.class
  Last modified 2021年9月9日; size 567 bytes
  SHA-256 checksum 37204bf6e654f64ae56660a1e8becfaa98b3ae7592b81b4b6e331de92a460b96
  Compiled from "HelloWorld.java"
public class cn.itcast.jvm.t5.HelloWorld
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: (0x0021) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
  this_class: #5                          // cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld
  super_class: #6                         // java/lang/Object
  interfaces: 0, fields: 0, methods: 2, attributes: 1
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #6.#20         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #23            // hello world
   #4 = Methodref          #24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = Class              #26            // cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld
   #6 = Class              #27            // java/lang/Object
   #7 = Utf8               <init>
   #8 = Utf8               ()V
   #9 = Utf8               Code
  #10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #12 = Utf8               this
  #13 = Utf8               Lcn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld;
  #14 = Utf8               main
  #15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #16 = Utf8               args
  #17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #18 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #19 = Utf8               HelloWorld.java
  #20 = NameAndType        #7:#8          // "<init>":()V
  #21 = Class              #28            // java/lang/System
  #22 = NameAndType        #29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #23 = Utf8               hello world
  #24 = Class              #31            // java/io/PrintStream
  #25 = NameAndType        #32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #26 = Utf8               cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld
  #27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #29 = Utf8               out
  #30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #32 = Utf8               println
  #33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
  public cn.itcast.jvm.t5.HelloWorld();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: (0x0001) ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 4: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   Lcn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #3                  // String hello world
         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0
        line 7: 8
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
}
SourceFile: "HelloWorld.java"

如上，常量池原来就是一张常量表。注意到其中方法定义部分如#2等内容，这其实就对应着常量池(表)Constant pool的常量。

常量池是.class文件中的，当类被加载时，常量池的内容就会被放入运行时常量池，并且其中的符号地址将会变为真实地址。