Binary Heap 二叉堆
优先队列在图算法中有着广泛应用。
如何构建优先队列呢?
使用列表?
在列表中,插入操作为
但是,我们可以做的更好。
这种数据结构是二叉堆。
由二叉堆构建的优先队列的出队入队操作为
二叉堆分为最小堆,最大堆。
最小堆为在堆顶放置最小元素的堆结构。最顶端就是最小值。
binary heap operations 二叉堆的操作
(1) BinaryHeap() 构建实例
(2) insert(k) 插入k
(3) findmin() 找到最小值
(4) delmin() 删除最小值
(5) isEmpty() 是否为空
(6) size() 元素个数
(7) buildHeap(list) 为列表构建堆
Binary heap implement 二叉堆的实现
堆是利用索引值之间的关系表示节点的父子关系的。
比如,一列数组中,索引值为
那么,索引值为
The Heap Order Property 堆中元素顺序的特性
作为最小堆,对于索引为
heap operation 堆中操作
class BinHeap(object):
def __init__(self):
self.curSize = 0
self.heapList = [0]
def percUp(self,i): # the index cut down by 2 to find the parent index
while i >=2:
upper = i//2
if self.heapList[upper] > self.heapList[i]:
self.heapList[upper], self.heapList[i] = self.heapList[i], self.heapList[upper]
i = upper
def insert(self, k): # insert the new one at the bottom the pull it up
self.heapList.append(k)
self.curSize += 1
self.percUp(self.curSize)
def minChildIdx(self, father): # find the min child index watch out the index out of range
if father * 2 + 1 > self.curSize:
return father*2
else:
if self.heapList[father*2] < self.heapList[father*2+1]:
return father*2
else:
return father*2+1
def percDown(self,i): # from top to bottom exchange the parent with the min child
while (i * 2) <= self.curSize:
mc = self.minChildIdx(i)
if self.heapList[i] > self.heapList[mc]:
tmp = self.heapList[i]
self.heapList[i] = self.heapList[mc]
self.heapList[mc] = tmp
i = mc
def delMin(self): # exchange the bottom and the top, the percDown the new top to downside
minVal = self.heapList[1]
self.heapList[1] = self.heapList[self.curSize]
self.curSize -= 1
self.heapList.pop()
self.percDown(1)
return minVal
def buildHeap(self, aList): # percDown from bottom to top
self.curSize = len(aList)
idx = len(aList) // 2
aList.insert(0,0)
self.heapList = aList
while idx > 0:
self.percDown(idx)
idx -= 1
bh = BinHeap()
bh.insert(5)
bh.insert(7)
bh.insert(3)
bh.insert(11)
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
bh.buildHeap([2,3,6,1,0,9,7,4,3])
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
print(bh.delMin())
3
5
7
11
0
1
2
3