/**
 * struct TreeNode {
 *	int val;
 *	struct TreeNode *left;
 *	struct TreeNode *right;
 *	TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * 代码中的类名、方法名、参数名已经指定,请勿修改,直接返回方法规定的值即可
     *
     * 
     * @param root TreeNode类 
     * @return int整型vector
     */
    void process(vector<int>& ans,TreeNode* root){
        if(root==nullptr){
            return;
        }
        stack<TreeNode*> stack;//创建一个栈,将元素进栈,
        stack.push(root);
        while(!stack.empty()){
            TreeNode* cur=stack.top();
            stack.pop();
            ans.push_back(cur->val);
            if(cur->right!=nullptr){//注意一定是先右,栈是先入后出
                stack.push(cur->right);
            }
            if(cur->left!=nullptr){
                stack.push(cur->left);
            }
        }
     }
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> ans;
        process(ans,root);
        return ans;
        
    }
};