2022-07-05:给定一个数组,想随时查询任何范围上的最大值。 如果只是根据初始数组建立、并且以后没有修改, 那么RMQ方法比线段树方法好实现,时间复杂度O(NlogN),额外空间复杂度O(NlogN)。 来自小红书。3.13笔试。
答案2022-07-05:
RMQ范围最大值和最小值查询,不支持更新。 空间复杂度:O(N*logN)。 查询复杂度:O(1)。
代码用rust编写。代码如下:
use rand::Rng;
fn main() {
let nn: i32 = 150;
let vv = 200;
let test_time_out = 20000;
let test_time_in = 200;
println!("测试开始");
for i in 0..test_time_out {
let n = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0, nn) + 1;
let mut arr = random_array(n, vv);
let mut arr2=arr.clone();
let m = arr.len() as i32;
let mut rmq = RMQ::new(&mut arr);
let mut right = Right::new(&mut arr2);
for _ in 0..test_time_in {
let a = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0, m) + 1;
let b = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0, m) + 1;
let l = get_min(a, b);
let r = get_max(a, b);
let ans1 = rmq.max(l, r);
let ans2 = right.max(l, r);
if ans1 != ans2 {
println!("出错了!{}", i);
println!("ans1 = {}", ans1);
println!("ans2 = {}", ans2);
break;
}
}
}
println!("测试结束");
}
pub struct RMQ {
pub max: Vec<Vec<i32>>,
}
impl RMQ {
// 下标一定要从1开始,没有道理!就是约定俗成!
pub fn new(arr: &mut Vec<i32>) -> Self {
// 长度!
let n = arr.len() as i32;
let mut ans: RMQ = RMQ { max: vec![] };
// 2的几次方,可以拿下n
let k = ans.power2(n);
// n*logn
let mut max: Vec<Vec<i32>> = vec![];
for i in 0..n + 1 {
max.push(vec![]);
for _ in 0..k + 1 {
max[i as usize].push(0);
}
}
for i in 1..=n {
// i 0:从下标i开始,往下连续的2的0次方个数,中,最大值
// 1...1个
// 2...1个
// 3...1个
max[i as usize][0] = arr[(i - 1) as usize];
}
ans.max = max;
let mut j = 1;
while (1 << j) <= n {
// i...连续的、2的1次方个数,这个范围,最大值
// i...连续的、2的2次方个数,这个范围,最大值
// i...连续的、2的3次方个数,这个范围,最大值
let mut i = 1;
while i + (1 << j) - 1 <= n {
// max[10][3]
// 下标10开始,连续的8个数,最大值是多少
// 1) max[10][2]
// 2) max[14][2]
ans.max[i as usize][j as usize] = get_max(
ans.max[i as usize][(j - 1) as usize],
ans.max[(i + (1 << (j - 1))) as usize][(j - 1) as usize],
);
i += 1;
}
j += 1;
}
return ans;
}
pub fn max(&mut self, l: i32, r: i32) -> i32 {
// l...r -> r - l + 1 -> 2的哪个次方最接近它!
let k = self.power2(r - l + 1);
return get_max(
self.max[l as usize][k as usize],
self.max[(r - (1 << k) + 1) as usize][k as usize],
);
}
fn power2(&mut self, m: i32) -> i32 {
let mut ans = 0;
while (1 << ans) <= (m >> 1) {
ans += 1;
}
return ans;
}
}
// 为了测试
pub struct Right {
pub max: Vec<Vec<i32>>,
}
impl Right {
pub fn new(arr: &mut Vec<i32>) -> Self {
let n = arr.len() as i32;
let mut max: Vec<Vec<i32>> = vec![];
for i in 0..n + 1 {
max.push(vec![]);
for _ in 0..n + 1 {
max[i as usize].push(0);
}
}
for l in 1..=n {
max[l as usize][l as usize] = arr[(l - 1) as usize];
for r in l + 1..=n {
max[l as usize][r as usize] =
get_max(max[l as usize][(r - 1) as usize], arr[(r - 1) as usize]);
}
}
Self { max }
}
pub fn max(&mut self, l: i32, r: i32) -> i32 {
self.max[l as usize][r as usize]
}
}
fn get_max<T: Clone + Copy + std::cmp::PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T {
if a > b {
a
} else {
b
}
}
fn get_min<T: Clone + Copy + std::cmp::PartialOrd>(a: T, b: T) -> T {
if a < b {
a
} else {
b
}
}
// 为了测试
fn random_array(n: i32, v: i32) -> Vec<i32> {
let mut arr: Vec<i32> = vec![];
for _i in 0..n {
arr.push(rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0, v));
}
return arr;
}
执行结果如下: