Spring是一个基于IOC和AOP的结构J2EE系统的框架。
为所有的bean类加上注解,配置文件只保留:<context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/> 
注解配置切面
- IOC 反转控制 是Spring的基础,Inversion Of Control 简单说就是创建对象由以前的程序员自己new 构造方法来调用,变成了交由Spring创建对象
- DI 依赖注入 Dependency Inject. 简单地说就是拿到的对象的属性,已经被注入好相关值了,直接使用即可。
- 新建项目,并导入相关的jar包
- 准备一个 pojo类
public class Category { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } private int id; private String name; }
- 在src目录下新建applicationContext.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category"> <property name="name" value="category 1" /> </bean> </beans>
- TestSpring通过spring获取Category对象,以及该对象被注入的name属性。
public class TestSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); Category c = (Category) context.getBean("c"); System.out.println(c.getName()); } }
拓展:如果是在一个pojo类中引入另一个pojo作为属性,则通过ref<bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category"> <property name="name" value="category 1" /> </bean> <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product"> <property name="name" value="product1" /> <property name="category" ref="c" /> </bean>
以注解的方式完成对象属性的注入
<context:annotation-config/>
在实体类中@Resource等同于@Autowired
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category">
<property name="name" value="category 1" />
</bean>
<bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product">
<property name="name" value="product1" />
<!-- <property name="category" ref="c" /> --> 这个行为在后面将使用注解来完成 </bean>
</beans>
public class Product {
private int id;
private String name;
@Autowired //在Product.java的category属性前加上@Autowired注解,也可以在setCategory方法前加上@Autowired private Category category;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
}
@Component注解 表明此类是bean
所谓的核心业务,比如登陆,增加数据,删除数据都叫核心业务
所谓的周边功能,比如性能统计,日志,事务管理等等
周边功能在Spring的面向切面编程AOP思想里,即被定义为切面
在面向切面编程AOP的思想里面,核心业务功能和切面功能分别独立进行开发
然后把切面功能和核心业务功能 "编织" 在一起,这就叫AOP
package com.how2java.pojo; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("p") public class Product { private int id; private String name="product 1"; @Autowired private Category category; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Category getCategory() { return category; } public void setCategory(Category category) { this.category = category; } }
AOP 即 Aspect Oriented Program 面向切面编程
首先,在面向切面编程的思想里面,把功能分为核心业务功能,和周边功能。所谓的核心业务,比如登陆,增加数据,删除数据都叫核心业务
所谓的周边功能,比如性能统计,日志,事务管理等等
周边功能在Spring的面向切面编程AOP思想里,即被定义为切面
在面向切面编程AOP的思想里面,核心业务功能和切面功能分别独立进行开发
然后把切面功能和核心业务功能 "编织" 在一起,这就叫AOP
- 准备业务类:
public class ProductService { public void doSomeService(){ System.out.println("doSomeService"); } }
- 准备日志切面
public class LoggerAspect { public Object log(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { System.out.println("start log:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); Object object = joinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("end log:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); return object; } }
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category"> <property name="name" value="yyy" /> </bean> <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product"> <property name="name" value="product1" /> <property name="category" ref="c" /> </bean> <bean name="s" class="com.how2java.service.ProductService"> </bean> <bean id="loggerAspect" class="com.how2java.aspect.LoggerAspect"/> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="loggerCutpoint" expression= "execution(* com.how2java.service.ProductService.*(..)) "/> <aop:aspect id="logAspect" ref="loggerAspect"> <aop:around pointcut-ref="loggerCutpoint" method="log"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
注解方式配置
注解配置业务类:
@Component("s") public class ProductService { public void doSomeService(){ System.out.println("doSomeService"); } }
@Aspect 注解表示这是一个切面
@Component 表示这是一个bean,由Spring进行管理
@Around(value = "execution(* com.how2java.service.ProductService.*(..))") 表示对com.how2java.service.ProductService 这个类中的所有方法进行切面操作
@Component 表示这是一个bean,由Spring进行管理
@Around(value = "execution(* com.how2java.service.ProductService.*(..))") 表示对com.how2java.service.ProductService 这个类中的所有方法进行切面操作
@Aspect @Component public class LoggerAspect { @Around(value = "execution(* com.how2java.service.ProductService.*(..))") public Object log(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { System.out.println("start log:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); Object object = joinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("end log:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getName()); return object; } }配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.aspect"/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.service"/> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> </beans>测试类:
1. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
表示这是一个Spring的测试类
2. @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
定位Spring的配置文件
3. @Autowired
给这个测试类装配Category对象
4. @Test
测试逻辑,打印c对象的名称
表示这是一个Spring的测试类
2. @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
定位Spring的配置文件
3. @Autowired
给这个测试类装配Category对象
4. @Test
测试逻辑,打印c对象的名称
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml") public class TestSpring { @Autowired Category c; @Test public void test(){ System.out.println(c.getName()); } }