LeetCode 0102. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal二叉树的层次遍历【Medium】【Python】【BFS】
Problem
Given a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes' values. (ie, from left to right, level by level).
For example:
Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
,
3 / \ 9 20 / \ 15 7
return its level order traversal as:
[ [3], [9,20], [15,7] ]
问题
给定一个二叉树,返回其按层次遍历的节点值。 (即逐层地,从左到右访问所有节点)。
例如:
给定二叉树: [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
,
3 / \ 9 20 / \ 15 7
返回其层次遍历结果:
[ [3], [9,20], [15,7] ]
思路
BFS
解法一:非递归
当队列不为空: 当前层打印循环: 队首元素出队,记为 node 将 node.val 添加到 temp 尾部 若左(右)子节点不为空,则将左(右)子节点加入队列 把当前 temp 中的所有元素加入 res
时间复杂度: O(n),n 为二叉树的节点数。
空间复杂度: O(n),n 为二叉树的节点数。
Python3代码
# Definition for a binary tree node. # class TreeNode: # def __init__(self, x): # self.val = x # self.left = None # self.right = None class Solution: def levelOrder(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[List[int]]: # solution one: 非递归 import collections if not root: return [] res, q = [], collections.deque() q.append(root) while q: # 输出是二维数组 temp = [] for x in range(len(q)): node = q.popleft() temp.append(node.val) if node.left: q.append(node.left) if node.right: q.append(node.right) res.append(temp) return res
解法二:递归
Python3代码
# Definition for a binary tree node. # class TreeNode: # def __init__(self, x): # self.val = x # self.left = None # self.right = None class Solution: def levelOrder(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[List[int]]: # solution two: 递归 res = [] def helper(root, depth): if not root: return if len(res) == depth: res.append([]) res[depth].append(root.val) helper(root.left, depth + 1) helper(root.right, depth + 1) helper(root , 0) return res