数独求解
之前写过一个数独的题解,但是那个题解里各个函数是分散的。下面给出完整代码。能够解不需要枚举的数独而是靠逻辑一步步解出数独。
给下面一个例子:
board{{0,0,7,0,0,5,0,0,3},
{0,0,0,6,3,0,0,0,0},
{5,6,0,0,0,0,9,2,0},
{0,0,0,1,2,9,0,0,0},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0},
{2,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0},
{0,0,4,0,0,3,0,0,1},
{0,0,0,8,7,0,0,0,0},
{8,9,0,0,0,0,3,5,0}};
当这样时传入函数,解不出来,但是通过自己先推出两个数字后,也就是:
{0,0,0,6,3,0,0,0,0},
{5,6,0,0,0,0,9,2,0},
{0,0,0,1,2,9,0,0,0},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0},
{2,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0},
{0,0,4,0,0,3,0,0,1},
{0,0,0,8,7,0,0,0,0},
{8,9,0,0,0,0,3,5,0}};
当这样时传入函数,解不出来,但是通过自己先推出两个数字后,也就是:
board{{0,0,7,0,0,5,0,0,3},
{9,0,0,6,3,0,0,0,0},
{5,6,0,0,0,0,9,2,0},
{0,0,0,1,2,9,0,0,0},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0},
{2,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0},
{0,0,4,0,0,3,0,0,1},
{0,0,0,8,7,0,0,9,0},
{8,9,0,0,0,0,3,5,0}};
{9,0,0,6,3,0,0,0,0},
{5,6,0,0,0,0,9,2,0},
{0,0,0,1,2,9,0,0,0},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0},
{2,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0},
{0,0,4,0,0,3,0,0,1},
{0,0,0,8,7,0,0,9,0},
{8,9,0,0,0,0,3,5,0}};
而添加进去的数字逻辑函数没有写,所以运行不出来。这个逻辑是什么呢,通过第3,4,9行的数字9就可以推出来
第二行第一个是9,而第8行的9通过3,4,9行确定第7行中间格有9(不确定具体在那儿)但是确定第7行的9不在
第9格,那么第8行的9位置就确定了。然后当填进去这两个9后,运行结果就出来了。而这个逻辑函数一时半会
还真不好写。也就是还没有关于格的函数,只要增加这个函数,那么所有不需要枚举的数独都能够求解。
关于每个函数的作用和函数需要注意的地方可以查看数独题解http://www.nowcoder.com/practice/5e6c424b82224b85b64f28fd85761280
下面给出运行结果:
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <algorithm> #include <stdlib.h> #include <iterator> #include <vector> using namespace std; //求两个集合的交集 void Intersection(vector<int> &lhs,vector<int> &rhs,vector<int> &R){ R.clear(); sort(lhs.begin(),lhs.end()); sort(rhs.begin(),rhs.end()); set_intersection(lhs.begin(),lhs.end(),rhs.begin(),rhs.end(),back_inserter(R)); } //求集合的差集 void Difference(vector<int> &lhs,vector<int> &rhs,vector<int> &R){ R.clear(); R.resize(lhs.size()); vector<int>::iterator retEndPos; retEndPos=set_difference(lhs.begin(),lhs.end(),rhs.begin(),rhs.end(),R.begin()); R.resize(retEndPos-R.begin()); } //修改行,列,格 void ChangeHLG(int i,int j,vector<vector<int> > &H,vector<vector<int> > &L,vector<vector<int> > &G,int r){ vector<int>::iterator it; it=find(H[i].begin(),H[i].end(),r);//寻找对应元素在行中的位置 H[i].erase(it);//在行中删除对应元素 it=find(L[j].begin(),L[j].end(),r);//寻找对应元素在列中的位置 L[j].erase(it);//在列中删除元素 it=find(G[j/3+i/3*3].begin(),G[j/3+i/3*3].end(),r);//寻找对应元素在格中的位置 G[j/3+i/3*3].erase(it);//在格中删除元素 } //*******/ int Check_num(vector<vector<int> > &board,int c,int i,int j) { int c_num=0; vector<int>::iterator it; if(i%3==0) { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i+1][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i+2][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; }} } else if(i%3==1) { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i+1][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i-1][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; }} } else { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i-1][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i-2][k]==c) { ++c_num; break; }} } if(j%3==0) { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j+2]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j+1]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } } else if(j%3==1) { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j+1]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j-1]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } } else { for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j-2]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j-1]==c) { ++c_num; break; } } } return c_num; } bool check_num2(vector<vector<int> > &board,int c,int i,int j) { bool l=false; int num=0,num_c=0; int num2=0,num_c2=0; for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[i][k]==0){ ++num; for(int m=0;m<9;++m) { if(board[m][k]==c) { ++num_c; break;}} } } for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(board[k][j]==0){ ++num2; for(int m=0;m<9;++m) { if(board[k][m]==c){ ++num_c2; break;} } } } if(num-1==num_c||num2-1==num_c2) l=true; return l; } bool solveSudoku(vector<vector<int> > &board,vector<vector<int> > &H,vector<vector<int> > &L, vector<vector<int> > &G,vector<vector<vector<int> > > &IJ_R,int &num) { vector<int> R;//交集 vector<int> tmp; int k,c_num=0; int c; bool J=true; while(num>0) { k=num; for(int i=0;i<9;++i) { for(int j=0;j<9;++j) { if(board[i][j]==0) { tmp.clear(); R.clear(); Intersection(H[i],L[j],tmp);//求得行、列的交集 Intersection(tmp,G[j/3+i/3*3],R);//求得行,列,格的交集 if(R.size()==1) {//交集长度为1,说明该点是确定的值。 board[i][j]=R[0];//修改数独中的数字 ChangeHLG(i,j,H,L,G,R[0]); --num; } else if(R.size()>=2){ for(vector<int>::iterator it=R.begin();it!=R.end();++it) { c=*it; if(check_num2(board,c,i,j)) { board[i][j]=c; ChangeHLG(i,j,H,L,G,c); R.clear(); R.push_back(c); --num; break; } c_num=Check_num(board,c,i,j); if(4==c_num) { board[i][j]=c; ChangeHLG(i,j,H,L,G,c); R.clear(); R.push_back(c); --num; break; } } } else {J=false;return J;} IJ_R[i][j].clear(); IJ_R[i][j]=R; } } } if(k==num) break;//防止陷入死循环 } return J; } void Diff(vector<vector<int> > &board,vector<vector<int> > &H,vector<vector<int> > &L, vector<vector<int> > &G,vector<vector<vector<int> > > &IJ_R,int &num){ vector<int>::size_type ij_size,ji_size; vector<int> R; int k; while(num>0){ k=num; for(int i=0;i<9;++i){ for(int j=0;j<9;++j){ if(IJ_R[i][j].size()>1){ ij_size=0,ji_size=0; for(int k=j;k<9;++k) if(IJ_R[i][j]==IJ_R[i][k]) ++ij_size; for(int k=i;k<9;++k) if(IJ_R[k][j]==IJ_R[i][j]) ++ji_size; if(ij_size==IJ_R[i][j].size()){ for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(IJ_R[i][k]!=IJ_R[i][j]&&IJ_R[i][k].size()>1){ Difference(IJ_R[i][k],IJ_R[i][j],R); if(R.size()==1) { board[i][k]=R[0]; ChangeHLG(i,k,H,L,G,R[0]); --num; } IJ_R[i][k].clear(); IJ_R[i][k]=R; } } break; } if(ji_size==IJ_R[i][j].size()){ for(int k=0;k<9;++k) { if(IJ_R[k][j]!=IJ_R[i][j]&&IJ_R[k][j].size()>1){ Difference(IJ_R[k][j],IJ_R[i][j],R); if(R.size()==1) { board[k][j]=R[0]; ChangeHLG(k,j,H,L,G,R[0]); --num; } IJ_R[k][j].clear(); IJ_R[k][j]=R; } } } } } } // solveSudoku(board,H,L,G,IJ_R,num); if(num==k) break;//防止陷入死循环 } } int main() { vector<vector<int> > board{{0,0,7,0,0,5,0,0,3}, {9,0,0,6,3,0,0,0,0}, {5,6,0,0,0,0,9,2,0}, {0,0,0,1,2,9,0,0,0}, {4,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0}, {2,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0}, {0,0,4,0,0,3,0,0,1}, {0,0,0,8,7,0,0,9,0}, {8,9,0,0,0,0,3,5,0}}; vector<int> ivec{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; vector<vector<int> > IR{{1},{2},{3},{4},{5},{6},{7},{8},{9}}; vector<int> R;//交集 vector<int> tmp; int num=0,numtmp=0; vector<int>::iterator it; vector<vector<int> > G;//格可填数字的集合 vector<vector<int> > H;//行可填数字集合 vector<vector<int> > L;//列可填数字集合 vector<vector<vector<int> > > IJ_R;//所有元素的交集 vector<vector<int> > HL_R;//行的交集。 for(int i=0;i<9;++i) { G.push_back(ivec);//开始初始化9个格的集合为1~9 L.push_back(ivec);//开始初始化9个列的集合为1~9 H.push_back(ivec);//开始初始化9个行的集合为1~9 } for(int i=0;i<9;++i) { HL_R.clear(); for(int j=0;j<9;++j) { if(board[i][j]) { ChangeHLG(i,j,H,L,G,board[i][j]); R.clear(); R=IR[board[i][j]-1]; HL_R.push_back(R);//交集为单个元素 } else { ++num; R.clear(); R=ivec; HL_R.push_back(R); } } IJ_R.push_back(HL_R); }//以上完成数独的预处理 while(num>0) { numtmp=num; solveSudoku(board,H,L,G,IJ_R,num); Diff(board,H,L,G,IJ_R,num); if(num==numtmp) break;//防止陷入死循环 } for(int i=0;i<9;++i){ for(int j=0;j<9;++j) cout<<board[i][j]<<","; cout<<endl; } for(int i=0;i<9;++i) { cout<<"The "<<i<<"'s intersection:"<<endl; for(int j=0;j<9;++j) { for(it=IJ_R[i][j].begin();it!=IJ_R[i][j].end();++it) cout<<*it<<","; cout<<endl; } } R.clear(), H.clear(),G.clear(),tmp.clear(); HL_R.clear(),IJ_R.clear(); ivec.clear(),board.clear(); return 0; }