Java调用Python爬虫需要解决的问题:

参数传递问题

由python脚本通过, sys.argv[1]读取参数

依赖包的问题

用virtualenv构建虚拟环境,在虚拟环境安装所有相关依赖包, 用虚拟环境内的python解释器去执行python脚本, 可以完美解决依赖包问题

java与python数据传递

python脚本负责将爬取的内容保存为文件, 文件保存完成后, 由java程序读取文档内容

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;

public class BPython {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 获取当前路径
        File directory = new File("");//设定为当前文件夹
        String dirPath = directory.getAbsolutePath();//获取绝对路径
        Process proc;
        try {
            // python解释器路径
            String pyPath = "/Users/lijianzhao/.virtualenvs/py3/bin/python3";
            // python脚本文件路径
            String pyFilePath = dirPath+ "/bdindex.py";
            System.out.println(pyFilePath);
            // 传给python的参数
            String argv1 = "一人之下";
            proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(pyPath + " "+ pyFilePath + " " +argv1);
            proc.waitFor();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

# coding=utf-8

import requests
from lxml import etree
import os
import sys

def getData(wd):
    # 设置用户代理头
    headers = {
        # 设置用户代理头(为狼披上羊皮)
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36",
    }
    # 构造目标网址
    target_url = "https://www.baidu.com/s?wd="+str(wd)
    # 获取响应
    data = requests.get(target_url, headers = headers)
    # xpath格式化
    data_etree = etree.HTML(data.content)
    # 提取数据列表
    content_list = data_etree.xpath('//div[@id="content_left"]/div[contains(@class, "result c-container")]')
    # 定义返回的字符串
    result = ""
    # 获取标题, 内容, 链接
    for content in content_list:
        result_title = "<标题>  "
        bd_title = content.xpath('.//h3/a')
        for bd_t in bd_title:
            result_title += bd_t.xpath('string(.)')

        result_content = "<内容>"
        bd_content = content.xpath('.//div[@class="c-abstract"]')
        for bd_c in bd_content:
            result_content += bd_c.xpath('string(.)')
        try:
            result_link = "<链接>"+str(list(content.xpath('.//div[@class="f13"]/a[@class="c-showurl"]/@href'))[0])
        except:
            result_link = "<链接>: 空"

        result_list = [result_title, "\n" , result_content , "\n", result_link]
        for result_l in result_list:
            result += str(result_l)
    return result


# 保存为文件
def saveDataToFile(file_name, data):
    # 建立文件夹
    if os.path.exists("./data/"):
        pass
    else:
        os.makedirs("./data/")
    with open("./data/"+file_name+".txt", "wb+") as f:
        f.write(data.encode())

def main():
    wd = ""
    print(wd)
    try:
        wd = sys.argv[1]
    except:
        pass

    if (len(wd) == 0):
        wd = "Hello"

    str_data = getData(wd)   

    saveDataToFile(wd, str_data)
    print("end")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

小结

python可能是最好用的爬虫语言, 以后遇到采集数据的需求时, 可以用java直接调用python的爬虫, 人生苦短, 我用python