文章目录

1. 请求

# 基本用法
import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(response.text)

1.1. 带参数的get请求

# 带参数的get请求
import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22')
print(response.text)

import requests

data = {
    'name': 'germey',
    'age':22
}
response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=data)
print(response.text)

1.2. 解析json

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(response.text))  # str
print(response.json())
print(type(response.json()))  #dict

1.3. 获取二进制数据

# 获取二进制数据，比如图片
import requests

response = requests.get("http://github.com/favicon.ico")
print(type(response.text), type(response.content))

print(response.text)
print(response.content)

将获取的二进制文件（这里是一张图片）保存下来.

import requests

response = requests.get("http://github.com/favicon.ico")
with open('favicon.ico', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(response.content)
    f.close()

1.4. 增加请求头信息

获取不到有用信息

# 增加请求头

import requests

response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
print(response.text)

增加请求头之后才可以获取需要的信息

# 增加请求头

import requests
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0'
}

response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore", headers=headers)
print(response.text)

1.5. post请求

# post请求
import requests

data = {'name':'germey', 'age':20}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
print(response.text)

增加headers

# post请求
import requests

data = {'name':'germey', 'age':20}
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0'
}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data, headers=headers)
print(response.json())

2. 响应

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')
print(type(response.status_code), response.status_code)
print(type(response.headers), response.headers)
print(type(response.cookies), response.cookies)
print(type(response.url), response.url)
print(type(response.history), response.history)

2.1. 状态码判断

# 状态码使用
import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')
print("request failed") if not response.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print("request successfully")

另一种方式

# 状态码使用
import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com')
print("request failed") if not response.status_code == 200 else print("request successfully")

here整理的有每个状态码对应的解释说明。

3. 高级操作

3.1. 文件上传

import requests

# 这里的file是自己命名的，在服务器就可以根据这个file拿到上传的文件。
files = {'file': open('favicon.ico', 'rb')}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files)
print(response.text)

3.2. 获取cookie

# 获取cookie
import requests

response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
print(response.cookies)
for key, value in response.cookies.items():
    print(key+"="+value)

3.3. 会话维持

参考here