方法)外部连结+子查询

SELECT g.*
FROM grade AS g
LEFT JOIN
( SELECT job, AVG(score)avg_score  -- 求出各职位平均分
FROM grade
GROUP BY job)a
ON g.job = a.job  -- 同一职位
WHERE g.score > a.avg_score  -- 分数大于平均分
ORDER BY g.id ASC;