Python3网络爬虫——（2）设置User Agent模拟浏览器访问

设置User Agent模拟浏览器访问

方法一、使用build_opener()修改报头

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#使用build_opener()修改报头
from urllib import request
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url="https://blog.csdn.net/asialee_bird/article/details/79673860"
    headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36")
    opener=request.build_opener()
    opener.addheaders=[headers]
    file=opener.open(url)
    data=file.read()
    print(data)

方法二、使用add_header修改报头

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#使用add_header修改报头
from urllib import request
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url="https://blog.csdn.net/asialee_bird/article/details/79673860"
    req=request.Request(url) #创建一个Request对象
    req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36")
    file=request.urlopen(req)
    data=file.read()
    data=data.decode('utf-8')  #对读取的信息进行解码
    print(data)

结果：

方法三、

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from urllib import request
if __name__ == "__main__":
    #以CSDN为例，CSDN不更改User Agent是无法访问的
    url = 'http://www.csdn.net/'
    head = {}
    #写入User Agent信息
    head['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.168 Safari/537.36'
    req = request.Request(url, headers=head)  #创建Request对象
    response = request.urlopen(req) #传入创建好的Request对象
    html = response.read().decode('utf-8')  #读取响应信息并解码
    print(html) #打印信息

注： 常见的User Agent

1.Android

• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Safari/535.19
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.4; en-gb; GT-I9300 Build/IMM76D) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-gb; GT-P1000 Build/FROYO) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1

2.Firefox

• Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0
• Mozilla/5.0 (Android; Mobile; rv:14.0) Gecko/14.0 Firefox/14.0

3.Google Chrome

• Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36
• Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.0.4; Galaxy Nexus Build/IMM76B) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.133 Mobile Safari/535.19

4.iOS

• Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 5_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile/9A334 Safari/7534.48.3
• Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU like Mac OS X; en) AppleWebKit/420.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0 Mobile/3A101a Safari/419.3

    上面列举了Andriod、Firefox、Google Chrome、iOS的一些User Agent，直接copy就能用