目录

 

 

es的安装与启动

索引的相关操作

快速查看集群中有哪些索引

简单的索引操作

创建索引:

删除索引:

ES的CRUD操作

(1)新增商品:新增文档,建立索引

(2)查询商品:检索文档

(3)修改商品:替换文档

修改商品:更新文档

删除商品:删除文档

几种搜索方式

1、query string search

2、query DSL

3、query filter

4、full-text search(全文检索)

5、phrase search(短语搜索)

6、highlight search(高亮搜索结果)


lucnce和elasticsearch的关系

lucene是最先进、功能最强大的搜索库,但是直接基于lucene开发,非常复杂,api复杂(实现一些简单的功能,写大量的java代码),需要深入理解原理(各种索引结构)

elasticsearch,基于lucene,隐藏复杂性,提供简单易用的restful api接口、java api接口(还有其他语言的api接口)
(1)分布式的文档存储引擎
(2)分布式的搜索引擎和分析引擎
(3)分布式,支持PB级数据

开箱即用,优秀的默认参数,不需要任何额外设置,完全开源

elasticsearch的核心概念

(1)Near Realtime(NRT):近实时,两个意思,从写入数据到数据可以被搜索到有一个小延迟(大概1秒);基于es执行搜索和分析可以达到秒级

(2)Cluster:集群,包含多个节点,每个节点属于哪个集群是通过一个配置(集群名称,默认是elasticsearch)来决定的,对于中小型应用来说,刚开始一个集群就一个节点很正常
(3)Node:节点,集群中的一个节点,节点也有一个名称(默认是随机分配的),节点名称很重要(在执行运维管理操作的时候),默认节点会去加入一个名称为“elasticsearch”的集群,如果直接启动一堆节点,那么它们会自动组成一个elasticsearch集群,当然一个节点也可以组成一个elasticsearch集群

(4)Document&field:文档,es中的最小数据单元,一个document可以是一条客户数据,一条商品分类数据,一条订单数据,通常用JSON数据结构表示,每个index下的type中,都可以去存储多个document。一个document里面有多个field,每个field就是一个数据字段。

product document

{
  "product_id": "1",
  "product_name": "高露洁牙膏",
  "product_desc": "高效美白",
  "category_id": "2",
  "category_name": "日化用品"
}

(5)Index:索引,包含一堆有相似结构的文档数据,比如可以有一个客户索引,商品分类索引,订单索引,索引有一个名称。一个index包含很多document,一个index就代表了一类类似的或者相同的document。比如说建立一个product index,商品索引,里面可能就存放了所有的商品数据,所有的商品document。
(6)Type:类型,每个索引里都可以有一个或多个type,type是index中的一个逻辑数据分类,一个type下的document,都有相同的field,比如博客系统,有一个索引,可以定义用户数据type,博客数据type,评论数据type。

商品index,里面存放了所有的商品数据,商品document

但是商品分很多种类,每个种类的document的field可能不太一样,比如说电器商品,可能还包含一些诸如售后时间范围这样的特殊field;生鲜商品,还包含一些诸如生鲜保质期之类的特殊field

type,日化商品type,电器商品type,生鲜商品type

日化商品type:product_id,product_name,product_desc,category_id,category_name
电器商品type:product_id,product_name,product_desc,category_id,category_name,service_period
生鲜商品type:product_id,product_name,product_desc,category_id,category_name,eat_period

每一个type里面,都会包含一堆document


{
  "product_id": "2",
  "product_name": "长虹电视机",
  "product_desc": "4k高清",
  "category_id": "3",
  "category_name": "电器",
  "service_period": "1年"
}


{
  "product_id": "3",
  "product_name": "基围虾",
  "product_desc": "纯天然,冰岛产",
  "category_id": "4",
  "category_name": "生鲜",
  "eat_period": "7天"
}

(7)shard:单台机器无法存储大量数据,es可以将一个索引中的数据切分为多个shard,分布在多台服务器上存储。有了shard就可以横向扩展,存储更多数据,让搜索和分析等操作分布到多台服务器上去执行,提升吞吐量和性能。每个shard都是一个lucene index。
(8)replica:任何一个服务器随时可能故障或宕机,此时shard可能就会丢失,因此可以为每个shard创建多个replica副本。replica可以在shard故障时提供备用服务,保证数据不丢失,多个replica还可以提升搜索操作的吞吐量和性能。primary shard(建立索引时一次设置,不能修改,默认5个),replica shard(随时修改数量,默认1个),默认每个索引10个shard,5个primary shard,5个replica shard,最小的高可用配置,是2台服务器。

shard和replica的解释如下图

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elasticsearch核心概念 vs. 数据库核心概念

Elasticsearch            数据库

Document                  行
Type                           表
Index                          库

 

es的安装与启动

Mac  启动elasticsearch命令:sh ./bin/elasticsearch

http://localhost:9200/?pretty

elasticsearch和kibna的版本需要一致。不然会报错

mac启动kibna命令

http://localhost:5601

在dev_tools中可以用命令行操作es

索引的相关操作

快速查看集群中有哪些索引

GET /_cat/indices?v

health status index   uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg   1   1          1            0      3.1kb          3.1kb

简单的索引操作

创建索引:

PUT /test_index?pretty

health status index      uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   test_index XmS9DTAtSkSZSwWhhGEKkQ   5   1          0            0       650b           650b
yellow open   .kibana    rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg   1   1          1            0      3.1kb          3.1kb

删除索引:

DELETE /test_index?pretty

health status index   uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   .kibana rUm9n9wMRQCCrRDEhqneBg   1   1          1            0      3.1kb          3.1kb

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ES的CRUD操作

(1)新增商品:新增文档,建立索引

PUT /index/type/id
{
  "json数据"
}

PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "gaolujie yagao",
    "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price" :  30,
    "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
}

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

PUT /ecommerce/product/2
{
    "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
    "desc" :  "youxiao fangzhu",
    "price" :  25,
    "producer" :      "jiajieshi producer",
    "tags": [ "fangzhu" ]
}

PUT /ecommerce/product/3
{
    "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
    "desc" :  "caoben zhiwu",
    "price" :  40,
    "producer" :      "zhonghua producer",
    "tags": [ "qingxin" ]
}

es会自动建立index和type,不需要提前创建,而且es默认会对document每个field都建立倒排索引,让其可以被搜索

(2)查询商品:检索文档

GET /index/type/id
GET /ecommerce/product/1

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "gaolujie yagao",
    "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price": 30,
    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [
      "meibai",
      "fangzhu"
    ]
  }
}

(3)修改商品:替换文档

PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
    "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price" :  30,
    "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
}

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": false
}

替换方式有一个不好,即使必须带上所有的field,才能去进行信息的修改

下面的操作,会让该条记录只有name一条字段
PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
}

修改商品:更新文档

POST /ecommerce/product/1/_update
{
  "doc": {
    "name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
  }
}

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 8,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

删除商品:删除文档

DELETE /ecommerce/product/1

{
  "found": true,
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 9,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "found": false
}

 

几种搜索方式

1、query string search

搜索全部商品:GET /ecommerce/product/_search

took:耗费了几毫秒
timed_out:是否超时,这里是没有
_shards:数据拆成了5个分片,所以对于搜索请求,会打到所有的primary shard(或者是它的某个replica shard也可以)
hits.total:查询结果的数量,3个document
hits.max_score:score的含义,就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数,越相关,就越匹配,分数也高
hits.hits:包含了匹配搜索的document的详细数据


{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

query string search的由来,因为search参数都是以http请求的query string来附带的

搜索商品名称中包含yagao的商品,而且按照售价降序排序:GET /ecommerce/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc

适用于临时的在命令行使用一些工具,比如curl,快速的发出请求,来检索想要的信息;但是如果查询请求很复杂,是很难去构建的
在生产环境中,几乎很少使用query string search

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2、query DSL

DSL:Domain Specified Language,特定领域的语言
http request body:请求体,可以用json的格式来构建查询语法,比较方便,可以构建各种复杂的语法,比query string search肯定强大多了

查询所有的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} }
}

查询名称包含yagao的商品,同时按照价格降序排序

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "name" : "yagao"
        }
    },
    "sort": [
        { "price": "desc" }
    ]
}

分页查询商品,总共3条商品,假设每页就显示1条商品,现在显示第2页,所以就查出来第2个商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 1
}

指定要查询出来商品的名称和价格就可以

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "_source": ["name", "price"]
}

更加适合生产环境的使用,可以构建复杂的查询

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3、query filter

搜索商品名称包含yagao,而且售价大于25元的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "bool" : {
            "must" : {
                "match" : {
                    "name" : "yagao"
                }
            },
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "price" : { "gt" : 25 }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、full-text search(全文检索)

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "producer" : "yagao producer"
        }
    }
}

 

producer这个字段,会先被拆解,建立倒排索引

special        4
yagao        4
producer    1,2,3,4
gaolujie    1
zhognhua    3
jiajieshi    2

yagao producer ---> yagao和producer

{
  "took": 4,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0.70293105,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 0.70293105,
        "_source": {
          "name": "special yagao",
          "desc": "special meibai",
          "price": 50,
          "producer": "special yagao producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.1805489,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5、phrase search(短语搜索)

跟全文检索相对应,相反,全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来,去倒排索引里面去一一匹配,只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词,就可以作为结果返回
phrase search,要求输入的搜索串,必须在指定的字段文本中,完全包含一模一样的,才可以算匹配,才能作为结果返回

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "producer" : "yagao producer"
        }
    }
}

{
  "took": 11,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.70293105,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 0.70293105,
        "_source": {
          "name": "special yagao",
          "desc": "special meibai",
          "price": 50,
          "producer": "special yagao producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6、highlight search(高亮搜索结果)

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "producer" : "producer"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {
            "producer" : {}
        }
    }
}

搜索的结果会被<em>标亮
"zhonghua <em>producer</em>"